Suchergebnisse

This chapter explores the ways in which different people engage with and understand the material legacy of the German presence in Finnish Lapland from the time of the Second World War. The different notions of 'scale' are assessed through the ways in which scale relates to the so-called 'dark' heritage of this period and place, at local, regional, national and international levels. The research starting point has been the history of Finnish Lapland in the Second World War, including the so-called 'Lapland War' (1944–45), with contestations appearing between the public and private spheres, and differently-scaled notions of heritage making. ; Peer reviewed

In geography, the notion of scale has been discussed within diverse theoretical frameworks. The concept of geographical scale indicates socio-spatial organization within a bounded geographical area – usually labelled as size (such as province or continent) or level (such as global, national, regional, local, and even household). Besides these 'technical' definitions, recent research also includes more nuanced elaborations. The introductory chapter discusses four conceptualizations for understanding and utilizing the concept of scale that are critical in underscoring the power relations in heritage. These conceptualizations – scale as a hierarchy, scale as an instrument of power, scale as a process, and scale as a network – function as a point of departure in developing 'politics of scale' as a theoretical and methodological approach. ; Peer reviewed

Objective: This study investigated whether different alcoholism treatment approaches differentially impact social support scores in individuals with concurrent alcohol dependence and social phobia. Method: Individuals (N = 397) were selected retrospectively from a larger pool of participants enrolled in a multisite randomized clinical trial on treatment matching. Three standard treatments were delivered over 12 weeks: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy (TSF), and Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET). Social support measures were analyzed to test the effects of treatment group and gender. Results: For men, there was significant improvement on two measures of social support regardless of treatment group. Women who received CBT or TSF had better support outcomes than women who received MET. Conclusions: These data suggest that social support can be improved through alcohol treatment in individuals with coexisting social phobia, particularly if social workers emphasize skills training and facilitating involvement in 12-step groups.

Special Issue: Advances in Art Crime Research ; In this article we shed light on the position of Finland in conversations on the movement of unprovenanced cultural objects, within the national, the Nordic and the global contexts. Finland's geopolitical position, as a 'hard border' of the European Union neighbouring the Russian Federation, and its current legislative provisions which do not include import regulation, mean that nonetheless has the potential to be significant in understanding the movement of cultural property at transnational levels. In particular, we outline a recent initiative started at the University of Helsinki to kick-start a national debate on ethical working with cultural object and manuscripts. We analyse exploratory research on current awareness and opinion within Finland, and summarize our current work to produce robust research ethics to guide scholars working in Finland. Although Finland has a small population and is usually absent from international discussions on the illicit movement of cultural property (save a few exceptions), we argue that it is still possible — and important — to affect policy and attitudes concerning art crime, provenance, and the role of stakeholders such as decision-makers, traders and the academy. ; Peer reviewed

Introduction: A strong association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and problematic alcohol use has been demonstrated among Veteran populations exposed to combat trauma. Several traits, such as higher levels of risk-taking propensity (RTP) and impulsivity (e.g., negative urgency [NU]), are associated with both increased PTSD symptomatology and greater alcohol use problems. Methods: The present study examined the effects of NU and RTP on alcohol use (measured by average weekly alcohol consumption and number of binge drinking days in 1 month), as well as their potential moderating effects on the association between PTSD symptom severity and alcohol use in a sample of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) US Veterans. We hypothesized that NU and RTP would both significantly predict alcohol use and moderate the relation between PTSD symptom severity and alcohol use, such that the association between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use would be greater among individuals high compared to low in NU and RTP. Results: As hypothesized, the main effects of RTP and NU were significantly positively associated with average weekly alcohol consumption and the number of binge drinking days in the past month. However, neither NU nor RTP moderated the relation between PTSD and either alcohol variable. Discussion: NU and RTP may represent transdiagnostic risk markers for PTSD and alcohol use problems; however, the current study did not support an exploratory role of NU or RTP in the association between PTSD and alcohol use phenotypes.

The 2014-2015 West African outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) claimed the lives of more than 11,000 people and infected over 27,000 across seven countries. Traditional approaches to containing EVD proved inadequate and new approaches for controlling the outbreak were required. The Ministry of Health & Sanitation and King's Sierra Leone Partnership developed a model for Ebola Holding Units (EHUs) at Government Hospitals in the capital city Freetown. The EHUs isolated screened or referred suspect patients, provided initial clinical care, undertook laboratory testing to confirm EVD status, referred onward positive cases to an Ebola Treatment Centre or negative cases to the general wards, and safely stored corpses pending collection by burial teams. Between 29th May 2014 and 19th January 2015, our five units had isolated approximately 37% (1159) of the 3097 confirmed cases within Western Urban and Rural district. Nosocomial transmission of EVD within the units appears lower than previously documented at other facilities and staff infection rates were also low. We found that EHUs are a flexible and effective model of rapid diagnosis, safe isolation and early initial treatment. We also demonstrated that it is possible for international partners and government facilities to collaborate closely during a humanitarian crisis.