Suchergebnisse

Published together with University of Jyväskylä/Open Science Centre. ; Museums are one source of leisure, with visits forming activities for local community members in their free time, as well as touristic attractions for visitors on vacation. For many people, museums are also a source of knowledge and they perceive them to be an authority from which they expect to receive verified information. This can take place for example through organized school and college visits, visits made in free time or through participation in museum-led projects and events. Therefore the decisions that museums make about how to present history, and what (or more importantly whose) history they present – and what strategies they employ to present this history – have the potential to inform and influence perspectives on the past in the present. When this contains difficult memories connected to warfare, atrocities or discrimination and oppression based on ethnicity, gender or anything else, museums have to be especially mindful of how they treat and present these topics. In this chapter, I explore some of the frameworks informing representation in museums and use case studies from within Finland and from elsewhere. I investigate some of the ethical questions that emerge around the politics of representation. While there are no hard and fast answers to how museums should engage with difficult and painful history, I suggest reflection upon the impacts of challenging public perceptions through innovative approaches to museum display. These themes also intersect with the wider question of the social responsibility of museums. ; Peer reviewed

This research forms part of the suite of research into the global trafficking of cultural property through 'Trafficking Culture', which has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement no 283873. The author would also like to thank the University of Glasgow's School of Social and Political Sciences for an International Partnership Development Fund grant enabling fieldwork in Finland, and the Department of Archaeology at the University of Helsinki for hosting a Visiting Fellowship in 2013. Finally, thank you to Dr Christa Roodt for comments on drafts of this paper. ; Mention of Finland, like many other northern European countries, is largely absent from discussions of the global trafficking of cultural objects. However, its proximity to the Russian Federation (historically a source of looted objects such as Orthodox icons and other religious art), as well as its apparent attractiveness as a route of transit, at least for the legal market in cultural objects, suggest that focus on Finland would be a valuable exercise in understanding the wider transnational movement of cultural objects, within the Baltic and Nordic regions and beyond. Indeed, the lack of any import regulation for cultural objects entering Finland, along with its pivotal role as a 'hard border' nation of the European Union and Schengen Area, suggest an 'invisible' problem, as yet under-researched and under-recorded. This paper aims to initiate discussion of the roles of seemingly unassuming nations within the backdrop of a regional and international context. ; Peer reviewed

Museums decide which events and perspectives to privilege over others in their exhibitions. In the context of "difficult" or "dark" histories – in which the subject matter might be painful, controversial or in some other way challenging for one or more community or interest groups to reconcile with – some events may be marginalized or ignored. This may also happen due to official narratives diverting attention to other events that have come to be seen as more "important" or worthy of discussion. We explore the ways that information about the Lapland War (1944–1945) is incorporated into permanent exhibitions at five Finnish museums: the Provincial Museum of Lapland; Siida – the National Museum of the Finnish Sámi; the Gold Prospector Museum; the Military Museum of Finland; and the Finnish Airforce Museum. Despite the significant social and environmental upheavals brought about by the brief but destructive conflict, it seems surprisingly rarely addressed.

National and international perspectives; 8 articles. Partial contents: Violence against women as a violation of human rights, by Jane Roberts Chapman; Murdered mothers, missing wives: reconsidering female victimization, by Drew Humphries and Susan Caringella-MacDonald; Community of women organize themselves to cope with the AIDS crisis: a case study from Bedford Hills Correctional Facility, by Judy Clark and Kathy Boudin.

Politics of Scale -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Foreword -- Introduction. Heritage and Scale -- Part I. Scaled Conceptualization of Heritage -- Chapter 1. Politics of Scale -- Chapter 2. The 'European Significance' of Heritage -- Chapter 3. The Dynamics of Scale in Digital Heritage Cultures -- Part II. Scale in Heritage Institutions and Policies -- Chapter 4. Managed Landscapes -- Chapter 5. The Politics of Border Heritage -- Chapter 6. Broadening the Scope of Heritage -- Part III. Scale in Heritage Practices -- Chapter 7. Locals, Incomers, Tourists and Gold Diggers -- Chapter 8. Becoming Mediterranean -- Chapter 9. Tuning in to Radio Heritage in Newfoundland -- Afterword. The Politics of Scale for Intangible Cultural Heritage -- Index

In geography, the notion of scale has been discussed within diverse theoretical frameworks. The concept of geographical scale indicates socio-spatial organization within a bounded geographical area - usually labelled as size (such as province or continent) or level (such as global, national, regional, local, and even household). Besides these 'technical' definitions, recent research also includes more nuanced elaborations. The introductory chapter discusses four conceptualizations for understanding and utilizing the concept of scale that are critical in underscoring the power relations in heritage. These conceptualizations - scale as a hierarchy, scale as an instrument of power, scale as a process, and scale as a network - function as a point of departure in developing 'politics of scale' as a theoretical and methodological approach.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore critically various sources of data available on heritage crime, and consider how these may be utilised and improved.


Design/methodology/approach
This study is primarily a scoping review of the current heritage crime data climate, embedding examples from a range of existing and potential information sources. It highlights opportunities to improve data resources.


Findings
A lack of consistency in reporting and recording practices means there is little meaningful evidence about heritage crime trends and patterns. This needs to change in order to develop and evaluate appropriate strategies to reduce the problem of heritage crime nationally and internationally.


Research limitations/implications
It is hoped that urging improvement of data resources in the heritage crime sector will inspire a greater number of researchers to analyse and address key problems within heritage crime.


Practical implications
This paper encourages the development of new and improved data collection methods to foster effective assessment of existing heritage crime reduction schemes and better support victims of heritage crime.


Social implications
Increasing availability and accessibility of high-quality data on heritage crime would allow for developing better protections and resource allocation for vulnerable heritage.


Originality/value
This paper has drawn together, for the first time, evidence of the existing state of affairs of data availability within heritage crime. It is a position paper which encourages the development of improved recording and reporting practices both formally and informally across heritage and criminal justice sectors in order to support further research and understanding of the heritage crime problem.

This outline article presents and critiques legislation as it affects the metal detecting hobby and the archaeological profession. It considers some of the ways in which metal detectorists themselves have caused controversy but also positive news in relation to archaeological heritage in Finland. A selection of examples of collaboration based on the authors own experiences is presented, also the impact of metal detecting on material culture and archaeological research. The continuing object-oriented focus of both metal detectorists and the media is identified. New collection and engagement strategies could enhance archaeological research, while engaging this particular section of the wider public. ; Peer reviewed

Since the Valletta Convention (1992), the debate concerning non-professional archaeological metal-detecting in Europe has been conducted largely at the level of individual legislations. Papers in this Topical Issue take stock of current knowledge of and attitudes towards metal-detecting across Europe; its nature and impact as well as the policies and approaches that arise from it within professional archaeology and heritage management. With this collection of papers, the editors aim to stimulate a more unified debate and, ultimately, a common understanding of ethics and best practices in relation to metal-detecting that transcends national and jurisdictional boundaries in Europe. ; Non peer reviewed

This volume presents theoretical ideas, case studies, and reflective insights on community archaeology across the Middle East, with contributions by scholars working in and from Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Palestine, and Syria. The chapters represent a multitude of insights from contemporary public archaeology practice—drawing on theoretical frameworks and discussing the realities of challenges and opportunities presented by opening up archaeological experiences to wider publics in different social and political settings.
In particular, the volume focuses on the following three themes: (1) defining and reflecting on 'community' in community archaeology; (2) which archaeologies to employ in community archaeology; and (3) measuring the success and failure of community archaeology. In addressing these issues, the chapters reflect different historical trajectories and cultures that enable us to find similarities and differences in the theory and practice of community archaeology.
In more recent decades a shift has been noticed among both national authorities and foreign archaeological expeditions, with more emphasis on local heritage experiences. However, this frequently took the form of guiding and introducing communities to 'their heritage'. Only more recently local voices have become more heard in definitions of heritage and decisions on preservation matters, with more projects tying these voices into their research objectives. This volume presents several projects that combine postcolonial approaches, citizen participation, and community work across the Middle East.
By focusing especially on this geographical area, the volume also reflects upon the current state of public and community archaeology in this unique and complex region, adding to the already rich literature from the rest of the world. The Middle East has a long, fascinating, but also complicated history of archaeological investigation, deeply entrenched in colonization, and more recently in the decolonization process. The involvement and social values of the associated communities have often been overlooked in academic discussions. This book aims to redress that imbalance and present original research that reflects on the work of current scholars and practitioners and draws similarities and differences from diverse cultures.