Suchergebnisse

This book presents an exploration of heteronormative discursive practices in the English countryside. A lesbian teacher describes her experiences in the rural school community in which she lived and worked. She prospered at the village school for almost ten years by censoring her sexuality and carefully managing the intersection between her private and professional identities. However, when a critical incident led to the exposure of her sexuality at school, she learned the extent to which the rural school community privileged and protected the heteronormative discourse. An autoethnographic method of inquiry provides intimate insight which is supported by external data, including email and text message correspondence. As the critical incident eventually became a police matter, police records and evidence from the UK Crown Prosecution Service were sought for use in the research. However, the collection of these data proved problematic, providing an unexpected development in the research and offering additional insight into the nature of rural life. This research offers a vivid insider perspective on the experiences of a lesbian teacher in a rural school community. It examines the incompatibility of private and professional identities, investigates the moral panic that surrounds teacher sexuality in schools and considers the impact of homophobic and heteronormative discursive practices on health, wellbeing and identity. Crucially, this research offers compelling insight into the steps that those in positions of power will take to protect and perpetuate the heteronormative discourse of rural life

On the 50th anniversary of the ISSA and IRSS, Lee Thompson, a key foundational scholar in the development of the sociology of sport in Japan, whose work has helped bridge understandings from the West, considers the distinctive character of socio-cultural inquiry about sport in Japan. In assessing the trajectory of the field in Japan, Thompson notes that Japan has not been one of the 'social science powers' and that its theoretical and methodological lenses were often reliant on strategies developed in the West. In addition, the influence of Japanese scholarship in the field has been stifled because of limited dissemination in outlets publishing in the English language. A key challenge is for the theoretical and geographic range of research published in Japanese scholarly outlets to be mirrored in the breadth of work published by Japanese scholars in English language outlets: with the increased demands of globalization and neo-liberal reforms, there are increased pressures to publish in international (English language) journals. In looking to the future, the dangers of 'Western hegemony' in publication standards and the tensions in giving standing to particularized Asia-centered alternative discourses are discussed.

This paper documents the important role of Western-style professional wrestling in the popular culture of Japan, focusing on the early years in which it was established, 1953-1963. These were also the years in which television achieved its phenomenal growth, and the symbiotic relationship between the "sport" and the medium is explored. The star of professional wrestling in Japan during these years was the former sumo wrestler Rikidôzan. He faced a steady stream of foreign wrestlers, mainly from America. The fact that he was actually of Korean origins was a well kept secret. It is shown that the great popularity of professional wrestling in Japan is related to its embracing of a powerful theme: Japan against the world, the West, America. 2 In Goffman's terms, the transformation is probably closer to a fabrication than a keying. Erving Goffman, Frame Analysis (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1974). See also Lee Thompson "Puroresu no fureimu bunseki" (A frame analysis of pro wrestling), Shakai to Shakaigaku, Society and Sociology, No. 3, May 1986, Japan: Shinhyoron. 4 Ikuta Masaki, Sato Tomo'o, Tsujimura Akira, Hirai Ryûtarô and Yamamoto Tôru, "Nihon ni okeru terebi fukyû no tokushitsu" (Characteristics of the diffusion of television in Japan), Hôsôgaku Kenkyû 8 (1964): p. 64. 6 Ikuta, et al., 8, p. 38. This figure is the number of households with reception contracts with NHK. The actual number of sets exceeds the number of contracts, since some people avoid making the contract and thereby paying the fees on which NHK is supposed to operate. But NHK is pretty thorough, and number of contracts is a good index of number of sets. Percentage is computed from national census. 10 Ikuta, et al., 8, p. 112. 11 Ibid., p. 113. 12 Ibid., p. 82. 13 Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; Signet Books, 1964, pp. 33-34. 14 Nihon Hôsô Kyôkai, Hôsô 50 nenshi: Honhen (50 years of broadcasting: Main text), Tokyo: Nihon Hôsô Shuppan Kyôkai, 1977, pp. 388-389. 15 Ibid., p. 389. 16 Ikuta, et al. , 8: 79. 11 Nihon Hôsô Kyôkai. 50 nenshi, p. 390. 18 Ikuta, et al. , 8: p. 130. 19 "Terebi shichôsha wa donna bangumi o konomu ka" (What kind of programs do viewers prefer?), NHK Bunken Geppô, October 1954, pp. 18-21. 20 Ikuta, et al., 8: p. 83. 21 NHK Nenkan. 1957, p. 312. 22 Tokyo Shinbun, July 21, 1963. In Ikuta, et al., 10, pp. 240-241. 23 "Terebi bangumi no ôza o shimeru Sports" (Sports: On the 'throne' of television programming), YTV Report 1, April 1959, pp. 18-20. 24 "Osaka rokkyoku best ten no ugoki" (The best ten programs of the six stations in Osaka), YTV Report 2, June 1959, pp. 38-39. 25 "Zenkoku netto bangumi dewa donna mono ga ninki ga aru ka" (What programs are popular on the national network?), YTV Report: TV Data Book'61 (1961), p. 18. 26 Ibid. 27 Ikuta, et al., 10, p. 240. 28 Ikuta, et al., 9, pp. 154-155. 29 The following outline is based on Tazuhama Hiroshi, Nihon puroresu 20 nenshi (Twenty years of professional wrestling in Japan), Tokyo: Nihon Hôsô Ami, 1975; Ushijima Hidehiko, Shinsô kairyû no otoko: Rikidôzan, Tokyo: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1978; and the Mainichi and Asahi newspapers, 1950-1964. 30 Ikuta Masaki, Mass Communication no Kenkyû (Studies in Mass Communication), Tokyo: Nihon Hôsô Shuppan Kyokai, 1977, p. 145. 31 Tazuhama, p. 206. 32 Nihon Hôsô Kyôkai. Hôsô 50 nenshi: Shiryôhen (Fifty years of broadcasting: Data book), Tokyo: Nihon Hôsô Shuppan Kyôkai, 1977, p. 323. 33 Ikuta, et al., 9, p. 154. 34 Kobayashi Yosanji. "Jo ni kaete" (In place of a preface), in Tazuhama, p. 17. 35 Komatsu Nobuyasu, "Hiwa: puroresu to terebi" (The secret history of professional wrestling and television), in Tazuhama, p. 193. 36 Tazuhama, p. 181. 37 Ibid., p. 212. 38 C. Wright Mills, "Situated Actions and Vocabularies of Motive", in Power, Politics and People, ed. Irving Horowitz, New York: Oxford University Press, 1963, pp. 439-452. 39 Shôriki Matsutarô, "Nihon no bunka to keizai e no kôken: radio kara color television made" (Contributing to the economy and culture of Japan: from radio to color television), YTV Report 8, May 1960, p. 2. 40 Tazuhama, p. 185. 41 Yomiuri Television, "Watashi to television" (Television and I), 21 April, 1982. 42 Mainichi Hôsô, "Za puroresu: 'Kimi wa Rikidôzan o mita ka. Ima yomigaeru fumetsu no ôsha'" (Professional wrestling: "Have you seen Rikidôzan? The return of the indestructible king"), 30 July 1983. 43 Ibid. 44 Taishû to tomo ni 25 nen (Twenty-five years with the people), Tokyo: Nihon Terebi Hôsô Ami, 1978, p. 71. 45 Ushijima, p. 126. 46 Nakamura Shôichi, Tsuganezawa Toshihiro, Inoue Shun, Uchida Akihiro and Inoue Hiroshi, Terebi bangumi ron: miru taiken no shakaishinrishi (A study of television programs: a social psychological history of the viewing experience), Tokyo: Yomiuri Terebi Hôsô Kabushiki Kaisha, 1972, p. 116. 47 Muramatsu Tomomi, Dirty heroism sengen (Dirty heroism proclamation), Tokyo: Jôhô Center Shuppan Kyoku, 1981, p. 57. 48 Ibid., p. 61. 49 Mainichi Shinbun, 3 October, 1958. 50 Ibid., 27 February 1954. 51 Ibid. , 11 July 1957. 52 Ibid., 5 September 1958. 53 Ibid., 14 August 1957. 54 Tazuhama, p. 89. 55 Nakamura, et al. , p. 112. 56 Dai Jinmei Jiten (Heibonsha, 1958); Gendai Jinmei Jiten (Asahi Shinbunsha, 1977). 57 Ushijima Hidehiko first "broke" the story in his 1978 book, on which the following paragraph in the text is based. In saying that Rikidôzan was "Korean" I am applying the standards of the majority of Japanese, for whom being Japanese is not a matter of legal citizenship. William Wetherall, in his discussion of Rikidôzan in Lee and Devos, Koreans in Japan (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981, pp. 281-303) takes the legalistic view that Japanese citizenship makes one Japanese. 58 See Harold Garfinkel's discussion of "Agnes" for an interesting discussion of "passing". Studies in Ethnomethodology, New York: Prentice-Hall, 1967, pp. 116-207. 59 Inode Kôya, "Tsuiseki! Rikidôzan" (On the trail of Rikidôzan), Number, April 5, 1983, p. 14. 60 Izumi Seiichi, "Nihonjin no jinshu teki henken" (Racial prejudice in Japan), Sekai, March 1963, pp. 80-89. 61 Wagatsuma Hiroshi and Yoneyama Toshinao, Henken no kôzô: Nihonjin no jinshukan (The structure of prejudice: Japanese views of race), Tokyo: NHK Books, 1967, pp. 115- 140. 62 Tazuhama, p. 211. 63 For just one example, see Gunther Luschen, "The Interdependence of Sport and Culture", International Review of Sport Sociology, 1969, 2, p. 136. 64 Alan Clarke and John Clarke, "'Highlights and Action Replays' - Ideology, Sport and the Media", in Jennifer Hargreaves, ed., Sport, Culture and Ideology, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982, p. 66. 65 Richard Mandell, Sport: A Cultural History, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984) pp. 235-236. According to James Riordan ("Sport and Communism — On the Example of the USSR", in Jennifer Hargreaves, ed., op. cit., p. 228), in this case the view is reciprocated. 66 Stone, p. 318. 67 Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books, 1973, p. 448. 68 Asahi Shinbun, 8 April 1984. 69 Asahi Shinbun, 11 December 1984.

S'intéresser à l'optimisation de soi dans le cadre professionnel permet de faire émerger des perspectives critiques en termes de formation, de pratique et de politique. Dans le domaine de la santé, il a ainsi été souligné que l'autogestion, la responsabilité individuelle et l'optimisation de soi étaient devenues des objectifs pour la prévention, le traitement et le care . En revanche, les manières dont les professionnels de santé s'optimisent eux-mêmes ont été moins étudiées. L'utilisation de la méthode de conversation « à tour de rôle » nous permet ici d'opérer un véritable coming out qui mêle, à travers le récit de nos parcours respectifs, nos expériences passées de professionnels de santé où nous étions confrontés quotidiennement à l'optimisation de soi, et nos réflexions actuelles d'universitaires sur l'injonction à la responsabilité individuelle.

The sociology of social movement in Japan has recently been expanding. The field has been revitalized by the introduction, mostly by the younger generation, of the resource mobilization model. The situation is parallel to that in the United States. However, Japan and the United States have differences in their respective histories of social movement and in the research done on the phenomenon. A proper understanding of the current state of the sociology of social movement in Japan, and its prospects for the future, is impossible if these differences are ignored. This paper attempts to describe the actual changes in the conditions of society affecting movements, and to place the study of movements within that perspective. In other words, the analysis of the study of social movements in Japan undertaken here is also a kind of exercise in the sociology of knowledge.

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to invite readers to consider a model of compassionate leadership to contribute to the prevention of abuse in collective care settings.


Design/methodology/approach
– This paper examines a model of leadership based on theories of attachment and parenting and draws on evidence from practice. The framework, which we call Total Attachment, originated in a foster care organisation which was designed around the approach as a way of supporting carers to care for children who were, largely deemed as unfosterable. It explores literature examining workplace culture and the potential for detachment as workers try to survive their employment. It then offers an approach which has been adopted by a Safeguarding Adults partnership to implement a prevention framework into collective care settings for older people. This has placed Total Attachment at the heart of its promotion of compassionate care giving.


Findings
– Consultation from the launch of the prevention framework indicated that Total Attachment had a resonance with providers and was readily understood and its value, tangible as a whole systems approach to enabling compassionate caring. The efficacy of the model in supporting workers to be resilient and effective is quantified by data from the foster organisation.


Research limitations/implications
– Total Attachment draws on transference of practice learning and experience across life span services. Attachment theory is largely considered a framework informing child care, however, this model recognises the attachment story across the life span.


Practical implications
– This model shows how compassionate care can be led rather than simply taught; how carers and workers can be shown a way of working that connects deeply with their own need for care giving and care seeking.


Originality/value
– This paper shares creative, innovative practice that can be implemented in services across the life span. It offers a model for leading compassionate care in a whole systems approach with an evidence base of its efficacy.

Abstract Change in task persistence was assessed in two annual assessments using teachers', testers', and observers' ratings. Participants included 79 monozygotic and 116 same‐sex dizygotic twin pairs who were in Kindergarten or 1st grade (4.3 to 7.9 years old) at the initial assessment. Task persistence was widely distributed and higher among older children and girls. Overall, there was modest growth in persistence over time, and moderate stability of individual differences. Most of the stability was accounted for by genetic influences, whereas most of the change was accounted for by nonshared environment, including an association with observed differential maternal warm supportive behavior.

Abstract Task persistence, measured by a composite score of independent teacher, tester and observer reports, was examined using behavioral genetic analysis. Participants included 92 monozygotic and 137 same‐sex dizygotic twin pairs in Kindergarten or 1st grade (4.3 to 7.9 years old). Task persistence was widely distributed, higher among older children, positively associated with standardized tests of cognitive performance and achievement, and negatively associated with parents', teachers' and observers' reports of behavioral problems. Cross‐sectional analysis indicated a strong developmental shift from shared environment variance among younger children to additive genetic variance in older children.

AbstractSocioeconomic risks (SES risks) are robust risk factors influencing children's academic development. However, it is unclear whether the effects of SES on academic development operate universally in all children equally or whether they vary differentially in children with particular characteristics. The current study aimed to explore children's temperament as protective or risk factors that potentially moderate the associations between SES risks and academic development. Specifically, latent growth modeling (LGM) was used in two longitudinal datasets with a total of 2236 children to examine how family SES risks and children's temperament interactively predicted the development of reading and math from middle childhood to early adolescence. Results showed that low negative affect, high effortful control, and low surgency mitigated the negative associations between SES risks and both reading and math development in this developmental period. These findings underline the heterogeneous nature of the negative associations between SES risks and academic development and highlight the importance of the interplay between biological and social factors on individual differences in development.