Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe article points to the dispersion, democratization, and feminization of "pastoral" forms of power and authority since the mid‐19th century as a key to understanding the exceptionally high degree of social trust in the Nordic countries. Taking Norway as its central case, it argues that the Nordic welfare state has been shaped by an older, distinctively Lutheran–Pietist combination of educational forms of government from above and edifying popular self‐organization from below. This trust‐producing synthesis has been sustained by such "pastoral" professions as teaching, nursing, and social work, functioning as mediators between public welfare policies and the life world of citizens.

Ever since its birth as a nation, America has contrasted itself to the
image of Europe. Intellectuals from both sides of the Atlantic have contributed
to the myth of the New World and tried to express the essence of America's
"exceptionalism."

The student revolts of 1968 in the Nordic countries were peaceful in comparison with what happened in places like Berlin, Par is or Rome. Students in the Nordic countries also protested and revolted against the authoritarian traditions of higher education, but only rarely did they take to the streets like their German and French counterparts. As this chapter argues, the relative peacefulness of the Nordic 1968 must be understood within a wider political context. The growth within higher education went hand in hand with the development of the welfare state. Students' demands for reform converged with university policy development, especially in terms of democratization in higher education. Still, by drawing on examples from Copenhagen, Oslo, Reykjavik and Trondheim, the chapter shows that there were many tensions and paradoxes related to the various ways these peaceful revolts were played out in the Nordic countries. A long - term effect of the student movement of the 1960s was, ironically, that it helped pave the way for the 'freedom revolution' of the 1980s and 1990s. ; acceptedVersion