Suchergebnisse

Hva er forutsetningene for vellykket teleomsorgsinnovasjon? Dette spørsmålet er et sentralt tema for denne artikkelen. Utgangspunktet er våre erfaringer med det vi opplever som et «snevert prosjekteri» innenfor dette feltet. I Norge i dag gjennomføres og igangsettes det et stort antall prosjekter som involverer ny teknologi, i form av velferdsteknologiske løsninger. Og felles for mange av disse prosjektene er at de forblir avgrensede og «interne», med et, i vår mening, for ensidig og snevert fokus på dokumentasjon av effekt i forhold til utprøving av enkeltteknologier. Resultatet er at det er liten utveksling av erfaringer, læring og utvikling både innad og på tvers av prosjektene. Som en konsekvens av dette er det få prosjekter som «overlever» fra prosjekt til ordinær drift. Dette utgjør en betydelig utfordring, slik vi ser det, for den varslede storsatsingen på velferdsteknologi i Norge de kommende årene.Artikkelen er basert på empiri fra en studie av telemonitorering av kolspasienter. Dette er et sykehusinitiert prosjekt, kalt «kols-kofferten», som på mange måter er et suksessprosjekt, ettersom det har «overlevd» i mer enn tre år, har ekspandert og har mange tilfredse brukere. Gjennom mobilisering av teoretiske og analytiske ressurser fra det tverrfaglige forskningsfeltet studier av vitenskap, teknologi og samfunn (STS), viser vi at denne «suksessen» henger sammen med at prosjektet, i alle fall til en viss grad, har evnet å åpne opp og innrette seg i den sammenhengen tjenesten inngår i. I artikkelen benytter vi oss av Madeleine Akrichs «skript-begrep» for å vise hvordan kols-kofferten i utgangspunktet definerte aktører, roller og oppgaver i prosjektet. Og videre, hvordan både aktører, roller og ansvar ble utfordret, reforhandlet og redefinert gjennom møtet med praksis.Prosjektets dilemma ligger i at teleomsorgsprosjekter ikke blir for snevert definert og avgrenset til utprøving av enkeltteknologier, men fokuserer bredere og mer fleksibelt på tjenesten og velferden som skal utvikles, og, som en del av dette, involverer ulike aktører og brukergrupper i dette utviklingsarbeidet.The dilemma of project organization: between well-defined projects and prospects of learning in telecare and welfare innovation:The aim of this article is twofold: one; to discuss the consequences of a limited project focus in development of telecare and welfare innovation, and the prospects of flexible and dynamic development and learning under such conditions, and, two; to contribute to the debate about the potential role of technologies in future health- and social care services, and about the necessary conditions for technologies to contribute to good care and strengthened welfare. For this we draw on empirical data from a study of the development and implementation of a hospital initiated home care service involving telemonitoring of COPD-patients. The study is based on ethnographic observation and interviewing. We use excerpts of empirical data and analytical resources from STS to develop an argument about the importance of focusing on in-service innovation and innovation as a longitudinal, multilinear and involving learning process. This is a demanding process conditioned by dialogue, involvement and negotiation as well as flexible and adjustable solutions.

AbstractTo (i) examine the use of social media before and after the COVID-19 outbreak; (ii) examine the self-perceived impact of social media before and after the outbreak; and (iii) examine whether the self-perceived impacts of social media after the outbreak varied by levels of mental health. A cross-national online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia. Participants (n = 3810) reported which social media they used, how frequently they used them before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and the degree to which they felt social media contributed to a range of outcomes. The participants also completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by chi-square tests and multiple linear regression analysis. Social media were used more frequently after the pandemic outbreak than compared to before the outbreak. Self-perceived effects from using social media increased after the COVID-19 outbreak, and in particular stress and concern for own and others' health. Emotional distress was associated with being more affected from using social media, in particular in terms of stress and concern for own or others' health. The use of social media has increased during the coronavirus outbreak, as well as its impacts on people. In particular, the participants reported more stress and health concerns attributed to social media use after the COVID-19 outbreak. People with poor mental health appear to be particularly vulnerable to experiencing more stress and concern related to their use of social media.

Abstract
This cross-national study examined the mental health between those individuals working and those not working nine months post initial COVID-19 social distancing implementation. Respondents (N = 3,474) were recruited through social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter) and completed an online survey in October/November 2020. The respondents were from Norway, the UK, the USA and Australia. The mental health of those working and not working were analysed using t tests and socio-demographics were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Respondents who were working were significantly more likely to experience better mental health, were younger, report higher levels of education, and significantly less likely to worry about their own situation, health or financial situation than respondents who were not employed. Respondents who were retired reported better mental health than respondents who were not working for other reasons (laid off/dismissed, receiving benefits, studying, other). These findings raise the importance for social workers and other health service providers to monitor the overall mental health of individuals especially when social distancing protocols are in place and as countries begin to recover from the pandemic.

Abstract
Background
Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in the work environment and employment uncertainty. This paper reports on a cross-national comparison of four countries (Norway, UK, USA and Australia) and examines the differences in mental health between those individuals employed and those not employed during the social distancing implementation.

Methods
Participants (N = 3,810) were recruited through social media in April/May 2020 and were invited to complete a self-administered electronic survey over a 3-week period. Differences between those employed and those not employed with regard to their sociodemographic characteristics and mental health were investigated with chi-square tests, independent t tests, and one-way analysis of variances (ANOVAs).

Results
Compared with their counterparts, participants who were employed reported lower levels of mental health distress (p < 0.001), higher levels of psychosocial well-being (p < 0.001), better overall quality of life (p < 0.001), and lower levels of overall loneliness, social loneliness, and emotional loneliness (p < 0.001). Small to medium but consistent differences (Cohen's d = 0.23–0.67) in mental health favor those with employment or those who were retired.

Conclusion
Further study is needed to assess mental health over time as the COVID-19 pandemic and employment uncertainty continues.

IntroductionThe unfolding pandemic of COVID-19, also known as coronavirus, has caused challenges across the globe. Shelter-in-place, lock-down, and social distancing policies increased the use of social media for societies to stay connected. This study investigated psychological issues societies experienced from using social media among community during this critical period.MethodsCross-sectional online surveys were used to collect qualitative data from 1991 respondents living in the UK, USA and Australia during April-May 2020 when shelter-in-place or stay-at-home policies were in place.ResultsConcerns over misinformation, conspiracy theories, and fake news were repetitively raised as a critical challenge associated with reports of negative psychological consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 1 in 3 respondent expressed concerns over misinformation as the key challenge, with higher prevalence among respondents from the USA (41) than UK (35) and Australia (32), χ2(2)=8.5, p=0.015. While some thought social media had facilitated social connections, others said that differing opinions from friends and families have put stress on relationships and created negative psychology. Conflicting information (including information from government bodies, news outlets, information articles and individual opinions) have caused additional stress and anxiety.ConclusionsThe spread of misinformation, fake news, and conspiracy theories have caused psychosocial challenges and disconnections in the community. Special attention is needed to address psychological issues caused by the spread of misinformation on social media during the crisis.

Over the last 20 years there has been a flourishing of work on feminist care ethics. This collection makes a unique contribution to this body of work. The international contributors demonstrate the significance of care ethics as a transformative way of thinking across diverse geographical, policy and interpersonal contexts. From Tronto's analysis of global responsibilities, to Fudge Schormans' re-imagining of care from the perspective of people with learning disabilities, chapters highlight the necessity of thinking about the ethics of care to achieve justice and well-being within policies and practice. This book will be essential reading for all those seeking such outcomes