Suchergebnisse

We performed a meta-analysis of 79 studies to explore the relationship between positive and negative indicators of parenting style and Internet addiction among 44,650 mainland Chinese teenagers. Results showed that positive indicators of parenting style had a significant negative correlation
with teenagers' Internet addiction and that the correlation was moderated by region and school level. Negative indicators of parenting style were significantly and positively correlated with teenagers' Internet addiction and the correlation was also moderated by region and school level. Theoretical
and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Background: Previous study has indicated that perceived discrimination affected the children's behaviors, but whether belief in a just world moderates the relationship between perceived discrimination and problem behaviors among left-behind children and whether there are differences between boys and girls are still unknown. Aims: This study aims at exploring whether perceived discrimination influences the left-behind children's behaviors and the moderating role of belief in a just world among both boys and girls. Methods: Using cross-sectional data on rural left-behind children in Henan Province of China, this study examined the relationships among perceived discrimination (personal and group), belief in a just world and problem behaviors for both boys and girls. The participants included 336 boys and 310 girls. Self-report questionnaires captured perceived discrimination, belief in a just world and problem behaviors. Results: The results demonstrated that Chinese left-behind boys who perceived a high amount of personal discrimination were prone to exhibit problem behaviors. Yet, neither perceived personal nor group discrimination was associated with problem behaviors among the left-behind girls. Moreover, the children's belief in a just world moderated the association between perceived discrimination and problem behaviors among the boys; in those who reported higher levels of belief in a just world, the negative effect of perceived personal discrimination on problem behaviors appeared weaker, comparing to those who reported lower levels of belief in a just world. In addition, the negative effect of perceived group discrimination on problem behaviors appeared stronger among the left-behind boys who reported higher levels of belief in a just world. Conclusion: Belief in a just world provided a protect function for the left-behind children when facing perceived personal discrimination. More attention should be paid on belief in a just world, perceived discrimination and problem behaviors among left-behind children.

ObjectivesThis research links, for the first time, individual level entire GB population census data for 1851-1911 to present day individual level population registers. Precise georeferencing of individual records using AddressBase Premium and further linkage to Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMDs) enables family group analysis of inter-generational social mobility outcomes.
ApproachPresent-day individual names and addresses taken from Electoral Registers and consumer data are georeferenced and linked to IMD data using AddressBase. This enables calculation of average IMD scores for every family group (surname). Individual level names and addresses from 1851-1911 censuses are assigned to harmonised historical parishes. The present day surname IMD scores are attributed to every resident in the historical censuses. Parish average 'future IMD' scores are calculated to show which areas have bequeathed the highest and lowest IMD scores on their residents' descendants. This is a measure of how 'north – south divides' shape inter-generational social mobility.
ResultsA linked data website, apps.cdrc.ac.uk/gbnames, profiles social mobility outcomes for 13,000+ family names, according to average neighbourhood quality experienced by family name bearers. There are clear and enduring regional divides in "future deprivation" inherited from ancestors by the present-day GB population. The research traces the origins of a north-south divide in England. Family roots in northern industrial cities are associated with unfavourable outcomes today. In Scotland, an east-west divide identifies eastern areas sharing similarly high levels of hardship to nineteenth-century industrial cities such as Liverpool and Manchester. Migration partially mitigates these inequalities, but most family groups remain concentrated in their ancestral heartlands, and continue to experience the long-term disadvantages bestowed by geographical location.
ConclusionSurnames provide an under-exploited way of linking precisely georeferenced geographies of entire historical populations to their descendants today. Additional linkage to areal deprivation measures makes it possible to evaluate how social and spatial inequalities both endure and are promulgated through the generations. Geography is destiny for much of the population.

Tian Lan,1,2,* Yan-Hui Liao,3,* Jian Zhang,2 Zhi-Ping Yang,4 Gao-Si Xu,5 Liang Zhu,1 Dai-Ming Fan4 1Department of Health Care Management and Medical Education, The School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Health Care Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China; 4State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; 5Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Liang Zhu; Dai-Ming Fan Email liangjulia0317@163.com; li20201226@163.comObjective: The current work aimed to examine the rates of and risk factors for mortality and readmission after heart failure (HF).Setting: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE to identify eligible reports. The random-effects model was utilized to evaluate the pooled results.Participants: A total of 27 studies with 515,238 participants were finally meta-analysed. The HF patients had an average age of 76.3 years, with 51% of the sample being male, in the pooled analysis.Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: The outcome measures were 30-day and 1-year readmission rates, mortality, and risk factors for readmission and mortality.Results: The effect sizes for readmission and mortality were estimated as the mean and 95% confidence interval (CI). The estimated 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission rates were 0.19 (95% CI 0.14– 0.23) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.46– 0.59), respectively, while the all-cause mortality rates were 0.14 (95% CI 0.10– 0.18) and 0.29 (95% CI 0.25– 0.33), respectively. Comorbidities were highly prevalent in individuals with HF.Conclusion: Heart failure hospitalization is followed by high readmission and mortality rates.Keywords: heart failure, meta-analysis, prevalence, readmission, mortality, hospitalization

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become a major cause of liver transplantation and liver‐associated death. NASH is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and different degrees of fibrosis. However, there is no US Food and Drug Administration–approved medication to treat this devastating disease. Therapeutic activators of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been proposed as a potential treatment for metabolic diseases such as NASH. Cordycepin, a natural product isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, has recently emerged as a promising drug candidate for metabolic diseases. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We evaluated the effects of cordycepin on lipid storage in hepatocytes, inflammation, and fibrosis development in mice with NASH. Cordycepin attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and lipotoxicity in hepatocytes subjected to metabolic stress. In addition, cordycepin treatment significantly and dose‐dependently decreased the elevated levels of serum aminotransferases in mice with diet‐induced NASH. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatic fibrosis in mice. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies revealed that a key mechanism linking the protective effects of cordycepin were AMPK phosphorylation–dependent, as indicated by the finding that treatment with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C abrogated cordycepin‐induced hepatoprotection in hepatocytes and mice with NASH. CONCLUSION: Cordycepin exerts significant protective effects against hepatic steatosis, inflammation, liver injury, and fibrosis in mice under metabolic stress through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Cordycepin might be an AMPK activator that can be used for the treatment of NASH.