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Although organized intelligence activity developed very slowly in America's first century, it has since grown dramatically in scope & complexity. Expanding U.S. security concerns prompted the creation of permanent intelligence organizations in the late 1800s, which would grow, albeit unevenly, into the precursor of the modern American intelligence system by World War II. That conflict produced an explosion in intelligence activity, but it was really the advent of the Cold War that created & shaped today's Intelligence Community. The intelligence challenges posed by the Soviet Union & its allies encouraged greater variety in both the technological means of acquiring information & the organizations established to manage them. This trend, combined with the continued importance of intelligence programs serving-& controlled by-specific government departments, produced an intelligence system lacking a strong center, which well before September II, would lead to calls for major reform. Adapted from the source document.