Suchergebnisse

The Arabic-Persian geographic works of the first half of the 18th century are of little value in reconstructing the history of the North Caucasus. On the one hand, this can be explained by the dependence of such material on earlier Arabic-Persian monuments: we often observe repetition of information, either fully or partially. In this regard, researchers turn to earlier texts and, to a lesser extent, consider data from the text of the first half of the 13th century. On the case of three geographic works written in the period under question, the present paper attempts to demonstrate features of information about Dagestan in the context of a particular work, as well as to identify the historiographic continuity. What is more important is to highlight those plots that the authors below included in their own texts, to show what specific information on the history of Dagestan they considered important. For our study, we have selected both relatively well-known and widely used monuments, such as "Mu'jam al-Buldān" ("Dictionary of Countries") by Yaqut al-Hamawi, as well as less popular texts – an anonymous work "Aja'ib ad-Dunya" ("Wonders of the World") and "Jahan-nameh" ("Book About the World") by Najib Bakran. The study focuses on the last two texts and the information they contain; however, we also try to characterize the valuable information contained in Mu'jam al-Buldān. We hope that our study will raise interest to both Arabic-Persian works mentioned here and the issue of reflecting the history of Dagestan in relatively late sources. Moreover, the very logic of including certain information on the history of the region, both in the works of the first half of the 13th century and in later texts, deserves, as we believe, special attention.

Abstract. The article focuses on the last atabek of Azerbaijan Muzaffar ad-Din Uzbek, the history of whose reign, despite the existing studies, requires special attention. In this article, we try to analyze the description of the life and reign of this historical figure, trace the folding of his image in the Arab-Persian historical sources from different eras. Secondly, we would like to compare the image of the last atabek that was formed in the medieval written sources, with the descriptions of modern researchers. All this will allow for a better understanding of the image transformation of the last ruler of the state of atabeks of Azerbaijan. Another important task of this article is to analyze the evolution of the image of Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek in medieval historical sources and highlight the reasons why in some written monuments he is presented as a negative character or his personality, on the contrary, is subjected to "heroization". Such an analysis of information from historical sources is impossible without the analysis of the historical context within which this or that text was formed. Finally, this kind of historical deconstruction will allow us to answer not only the question in connection with which this or that image of this historical figure was constructed but also to give an objective assessment of the life and work of the last ruler of the state of atabeks of Azerbaijan. We hope that this study will be useful not only for experts in the history of the South Caucasus of the Mongol invasion but also to a wide range of readers, interested in the medieval history of the region.

The article deals with the analysis of foreign researches of Mongol and Khwarezmian conquests of the South Caucasus. The subject of study is one of the latest works on this problem – D. Bayarsaikhan's monograph «The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)». The author of the article details historiography and source study of the book under consideration, as well as those sections, which present the description of Mongol and Khwarezmian invasion of the territory of the South Caucasus and the consequences of these conquests. Much attention is given to the section of D.Bayarsaikhan's monograph describing the political structure of the South Caucasus at the beginning of the 13 th century and a number of earlier events. The author of the article also analyzes D. Bayarsaikhan's position on a number of debatable problems concerning political history of the South Caucasus in the first half of the 13 th century. The author focuses on the idea of political history of the South Caucasus in the first half of the 13 th century that readers may get after their acquaintance with D. Bayarsaikhan's book «The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)». The fact that the monograph of D. Bayarsaikhan has not been translated into Russian yet and is not well known to specialists in Russia gives special significance to this article. To date, there are not many special studies on this problem in Russian science, therefore it is extremely important to study foreign experience in this field

In this article, the author analyzes the formation in Muslim literature of the twelfth — thirteenth centuries of the eponym of the dynasty of Khorezm rulers, whose power in this region begins in 1097 and ends in the era of the Mongol invasion. We are discussing the Anushteginid dynasty and the father of the first Khorezmshah, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, after whom this dynasty was named by researchers. According to medieval Muslim historians, Anush-tegin or Nush-tegin Garcha/Garja himself never ruled Khorezm, but his descendants not only managed to gain a foothold in these lands, but also created one of the most powerful Muslim states of the Middle East, which was destroyed only by the Mongol conquerors. Despite the close attention to the power of the Khorezmshahs in the research environment, which has been reflected in numerous special works, to this day we do not see in Russian and foreign literature a single study devoted to the ancestor of the Anushteginid dynasty, or rather, the analysis of the description of his biography in Muslim sources. Researchers, relying mainly on reports on this subject by the historian of the first half of the thirteenth century, Ibn al-Asir, broadcast his story about Anush-tegin, often not taking into account the nature and volume of information about this eponym as part of earlier sources. We will also attempt to understand what Muslim authors of the twelfth century write about Anush-tegin, how fully his biography is reflected in these texts in comparison with 'al-Kamil fi-t-Tarikh' by Ibn al-Asir, and what is the specificity of their description of the biography of the ancestor of the Khorezm rulers. In addition, we will try to consider what pre-Mongol texts Ibn al-Asir and subsequent historians could rely on in their reconstructions of the history of Anush-tegin's life and work, as well as what contradictions in this case could arise between individual authors. We hope that this work will be useful to specialists in the history of the Middle East in the pre–Mongol period, as well as to researchers of Muslim historical literature of the twelfth-thirteenth centuries.

The history of hajeb Barak, the founder of the local dynasty of Kutlug Khans, and his reign in Kerman (Iran), was reflected in numerous Muslim historical works written in the 13th century, as well as in later monuments. Such interest in this person should be explained, first, by the events of the era of the Mongol invasion, in which Barak took a direct part, and since he managed not only to seize the lands of Kerman, but also to maintain power over them and pass it on to his descendants. Within the framework of this article, we would like to draw attention to the work of Nasir ad-Din Munshi Kermani, relatively poorly studied by researchers, in which a separate section looks into the story of the biography of hajeb Barak. This work from the first half of the 14th century is important both in itself and in connection with the information from earlier monuments, on which this Muslim historian undoubtedly relied. In addition, this source influenced certain later historical writings, which, in turn, allows us to cautiously declare the existence of the so-called late Kara-Chinese historiography, the beginning of which should be attributed precisely to Nasir ad-Din Munshi Kermani's work. A lot of work surely remains to be done to prove the very fact of this phenomenon's existence in the Muslim historical writings of the 13th–15th centuries, and this paper could be the first step in this direction. In it, the author analyzes only the features of Hajeb Barak's biography through Nasir al-Din Munshi Kermani's narration. In subsequent works we will return to this source in order to highlight its possible connections with earlier and, most importantly, later Muslim historical writings. We hope that our study will be useful to specialists in the history of Iran during the Mongol invasion.