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AbstractIntroductionThe international community's commitment to halve by 2015 the HIV transmission among people who inject drugs has not only been largely missed, instead new HIV infections have increased by 30%. Moreover, drug injection remains one of the drivers of new HIV infections due to punitive responses and lack of harm reduction resourcing. In the midst of this situation, adolescents are a forgotten component of the global response to illegal drugs and their link with HIV infection. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present an opportunity to achieve the global objective of ending AIDS among adolescents who use drugs, by addressing the structural vulnerabilities they face be they economic, social, criminal, health‐related or environmental.DiscussionThe implementation of the SDGs presents an opportunity to address the horizontal nature of drug policy and to efficiently address the drugs‐adolescents‐HIV risk nexus. Adolescent‐focused drug policies are linked to goals 1, 3, 4, 10, 16 and 17. Goals 3 and 16 are the most relevant; the targets of the latter link to the criminalization of drug use and punitive policy environments and their impact on adolescents' health and HIV transmission risks. Moreover, it presents an opportunity to include adolescent needs that are missing in the three drug control conventions (1961, 1971 and 1988), and link them with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). Finally, the six principles to deliver on sustainable development are also an opportunity to divert adolescents who use drugs away from criminalization and punitive environments in which their vulnerability to HIV is greater.ConclusionsAddressing HIV among adolescents who use drugs is an extremely complex policy issue depending on different sets of binding and non‐binding commitments, interventions and stakeholders. The complexity requires a horizontal response provided by the SDGs framework, starting with the collection of disaggregated data on this specific subgroup. Ending AIDS among adolescents who use drugs requires the implementation of national drugs and HIV plans based on the multi‐sectoral approach and the transformative nature of the SDGs, to provide a comprehensive response to the epidemic among this key affected subgroup.

Alors que la politique internationale en matière de drogues sera discutée lors de la session extraordinaire de l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies en avril 2016, les politiques antidrogues des vingt dernières années n'atteignent pas les objectifs annoncés de réduction significative des drogues illicites dans le monde, voire de leur élimination. La production des drogues n'a pas baissé et s'étend à de nouvelles régions, la consommation s'est stabilisée dans les pays à haut revenu et augmente dans les pays en développement, tandis que les organisations criminelles qui détiennent le marché des drogues illicites sont plus prospères que jamais. Cet article se concentre sur les effets des politiques antidrogues répressives et prohibitives sur la santé publique, leur dommage collatéral le plus important, qui engendre de nombreuses autres conséquences sur les droits humains, la dignité et la réduction de la pauvreté. Il traite en particulier de la priorité à donner aux mesures de santé publique dans les politiques relatives aux drogues, afin de mettre fin aux épidémies infectieuses, de développer l'accès aux médicaments essentiels contre la douleur et les dépendances, mais aussi de changer la nature des politiques publiques actuelles et de contenir leurs conséquences, à la fois sur la société en général et sur les populations concernées en particulier.

As the international drug policy is being discussed ahead of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on drugs to be held in April 2016, the review of the last 20 years of repressive policies shows that they did not achieve their objective of eliminating or significantly reducing drugs in the world. Drug production is not decreasing and is spreading to new regions of the world; drug consumption has stabilized in high-income countries and is increasing in low and middle-income countries, while criminal organizations that control the black market are as prosperous as ever. This article focuses on the impact of drug enforcement on public health, the most important collateral damage of drug repression, which generates other harms for human rights, human dignity and poverty eradication. The focus is on the prioritization of public health approaches in drug policy, to end infectious and blood-borne diseases, to ensure access to essential controlled medicine, but also to shift current drug policies and contain their consequences on affected populations in particular, as well as on the general population. ; Alors que la politique internationale en matière de drogues sera discutée lors de la session extraordinaire de l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies en avril 2016, les politiques antidrogues des vingt dernières années n'atteignent pas les objectifs annoncés de réduction significative des drogues illicites dans le monde, voire de leur élimination. La production des drogues n'a pas baissé et s'étend à de nouvelles régions, la consommation s'est stabilisée dans les pays à haut revenu et augmente dans les pays en développement, tandis que les organisations criminelles qui détiennent le marché des drogues illicites sont plus prospères que jamais. Cet article se concentre sur les effets des politiques antidrogues répressives et prohibitives sur la santé publique, leur dommage collatéral le plus important, qui engendre de nombreuses autres conséquences sur les droits humains, la dignité et la réduction de la pauvreté. Il traite en particulier de la priorité à donner aux mesures de santé publique dans les politiques relatives aux drogues, afin de mettre fin aux épidémies infectieuses, de développer l'accès aux médicaments essentiels contre la douleur et les dépendances, mais aussi de changer la nature des politiques publiques actuelles et de contenir leurs conséquences, à la fois sur la société en général et sur les populations concernées en particulier.

The 12th volume of International Development Policy explores the relationship between international drug policy and development goals, both current and within a historical perspective. Contributions address the drugs and development nexus from a range of critical viewpoints, highlighting gaps and contradictions, as well as exploring strategies and opportunities for enhanced linkages between drug control and development programming. Criminalisation and coercive law enforcement-based responses in international and national level drug control are shown to undermine peace, security and development objectives

This Special Issue of International Development Policy explores the relationship between international drug policy and development goals, including the drugs and development nexus, gaps and contradictions, and strategies and opportunities for better linkages between drug control and development programming.

The 12th volume of International Development Policy explores the relationship between international drug policy and development goals, both current and within a historical per-spective. Contributions address the drugs and development nexus from a range of critical viewpoints, highlighting gaps and contradictions, as well as exploring strategies and oppor-tunities for enhanced linkages between drug control and development programming. Crim-inalisation and coercive law enforcement-based responses in international and national level drug control are shown to undermine peace, security and development objectives. Readership: Academic scholars and researchers, policymakers and development practitioners interested in international development policy, drug policies and their effects on development, global economic and political trends, and local development issues.

This policy comment analyzes the risks and issues that might arise from the legal regulation of illegal narcotic and psychotropic products or substances with risks to the health or safety of citizens. We focus on reducing these risks by providing existing examples through existing state-based control mechanisms, with a focus on developing economies with fragile or corruption-sensitive institutions. We discuss the need to implement regulatory models that minimize the risk of diversion and corruption from the legal to the illegal market within a regulated framework. The primary concern is to establish legal and regulatory frameworks and policies with sufficient resilience to mitigate and reduce the risks, and that are inclusive of broad regulation stakeholders and the influence of their interactions on regulation outcomes. Importantly, we look at the integration of current players of the illegal market into the legal one in order to enhance the social, economic and legal benefits of regulation towards the most vulnerable, while at the same time undermining the illegal market. We find that state institutions, including those of LMICs, have varying institutional capacity to regulate currently prohibited drugs, with the existence of regulation frameworks of legal drugs or hazardous and controlled goods. While the technical health and judiciary mechanisms exist to allow for more effective controls of drugs through legal regulation, political will is still lacking. We reviewed regulation models using a social justice focus, thereby allowing countries to establish frameworks for the inclusion of the populations most-affected by prohibition and depriving criminal organizations of local networks of trafficking

This policy comment analyzes the risks and issues that might arise from the legal regulation of illegal narcotic and psychotropic products or substances with risks to the health or safety of citizens. We focus on reducing these risks by providing existing examples through existing state-based control mechanisms, with a focus on developing economies with fragile or corruption-sensitive institutions. We discuss the need to implement regulatory models that minimize the risk of diversion and corruption from the legal to the illegal market within a regulated framework. The primary concern is to establish legal and regulatory frameworks and policies with sufficient resilience to mitigate and reduce the risks, and that are inclusive of broad regulation stakeholders and the influence of their interactions on regulation outcomes. Importantly, we look at the integration of current players of the illegal market into the legal one in order to enhance the social, economic and legal benefits of regulation towards the most vulnerable, while at the same time undermining the illegal market. We find that state institutions, including those of LMICs, have varying institutional capacity to regulate currently prohibited drugs, with the existence of regulation frameworks of legal drugs or hazardous and controlled goods. While the technical health and judiciary mechanisms exist to allow for more effective controls of drugs through legal regulation, political will is still lacking. We reviewed regulation models using a social justice focus, thereby allowing countries to establish frameworks for the inclusion of the populations most-affected by prohibition and depriving criminal organizations of local networks of trafficking