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The field of bionanotechnology, sometime also referred to as nanobiotechnology, has emerged from the intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology. Today, it constitutes one of the fastest growing research fields due to its enormous potential. A particularly promising area of application for bionanotechnology is Life Sciences or Healthcare, where nanomedicine can help with advance diagnostics and targeted, patient-specific treatment in an effective and speedy manner while reducing the use of resources. Thus, bionanotechnology shows high compatibility with principles of "affordable excellence" that lie at the roots of the modern concept of frugal innovation. India and Germany both have made substantial progress in this field and many research institutions, universities, startups and established enterprises are active stakeholders of this industry, along with government bodies. Biomaterials, biosensors, functional systems, drug transport/targeting and implants are the five most active technology fields in Germany's nanobiotechnology sector, while a strong focus can be observed in the application areas of diagnostics, medical devices, therapeutics and regenerative medicine within the Health/Pharma sector. These areas coincide with India's thrust areas of research that is, however, still largely concentrated in research institutions. A bilateral cooperation between India and Germany can be highly rewarding as it can use complementary strengths of the respective ecosystems and help each other in overcoming their weaknesses, e.g. in ensuring translational research, developing common regulatory/safety standards, better utilization of resources & infrastructure, and creation of cutting-edge knowledge through joint research and exchange programs for researchers, scientists, students and entrepreneurs to intensify interaction. The study suggests a three-pronged approach for a bilateral cooperation: (a) identify promising avenues of cooperation, (b) pool resources, and (c) develop frugal solutions that have high chances of diffusion across the globe. The potential market-size and the lead market function of India in the field of frugal innovations can help the solutions that are developed in bilateral (or eventually multilateral) cooperation achieve faster commercial success while raising standards of living for all potential beneficiaries of the scientific progress, across the globe. This would make a very valuable contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) #3 related to "Good Health and Well-being".

In 2015, India set itself a very ambitious task of expanding its installed base of renewable energies by more than five times to 175 gigawatt (GW) within seven years (by 2022). It was envisioned that 60 GW would be contributed by wind power. In 2018, the objective was revised upwards to 227 GW in total and 67 GW for wind power. The country needed such challenging goals to ensure an early, universal, and 24x7 access to electricity for all citizens. However, India's per capita electricity consumption remains one of the lowest in the world. The young, aspiring and increasing population in a growing economy naturally engages in social and economic activities. As a result, the demand for electricity is increasing fast. Finally, there is a pressing need to switch from fossil fuels to renewable, replenishable and locally available resources for ensuring better energy security, reducing financial burden of energy imports, and - most crucially - for reducing carbon emissions to best protect the environment from a disastrous climate change. Wind energy has emerged as a success story in India. Today, India is leading globally on the fourth position in terms of installed wind power capacity. As a mature and cost effective technology, wind power has rapidly gained market share. The resultant economies of scale have again helped lower the costs and allowed firms to intensify innovation activity. Nevertheless, a huge market potential remains untapped, even as capacity utilization in terms of actual power generation has substantial scope of improvement. Germany is a global lead market for wind power, and renewable energies in general. It has a proven base of technological prowess and it has co-shaped the development of this industry. However, a certain saturation is setting in, as good sites for onshore wind power become scarce. There is a strong case for the two countries and their enterprises to cooperate in this sector. This case includes commercial, technological, humanitarian and environmental reasons. While there is a strong untapped potential in India and other global markets for affordable and excellent wind power solutions, technological cooperation can help in achieving affordable excellence ("frugal innovations"). Bilateral cooperation can help in realising the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in India and other developing economies of Asia, Africa and South America, in the process leading to a better life for millions, if not billions, of people. Finally, the environment and the biodiversity of our planet is at stake. Many of our non-human cohabitants are as severally, if not worse, affected by the human-intensified climate change, which potentially may threaten the existence of life itself on the planet if left unchecked. This study proposes an "IDEA" framework for Indo-German bilateral cooperation in wind sector that encompasses all relevant stakeholder in the value chain. The acronym stands for "Invest, Develop, Establish and Apply". If implemented, this framework can help in creating affordable, green excellence with a win-win-win component for the countries involved, for human welfare, and for the environment.

In 2015, India set itself a very ambitious task of expanding its installed base of renewable energies by more than five times to 175 gigawatt (GW) within seven years (by 2022). It was envisioned that 60 GW would be contributed by wind power. In 2018, the objective was revised upwards to 227 GW in total and 67 GW for wind power. The country needed such challenging goals to ensure an early, universal, and 24x7 access to electricity for all citizens. However, India's per capita electricity consumption remains one of the lowest in the world. The young, aspiring and increasing population in a growing economy naturally engages in social and economic activities. As a result, the demand for electricity is increasing fast. Finally, there is a pressing need to switch from fossil fuels to renewable, replenishable and locally available resources for ensuring better energy security, reducing financial burden of energy imports, and - most crucially - for reducing carbon emissions to best protect the environment from a disastrous climate change. Wind energy has emerged as a success story in India. Today, India is leading globally on the fourth position in terms of installed wind power capacity. As a mature and cost effective technology, wind power has rapidly gained market share. The resultant economies of scale have again helped lower the costs and allowed firms to intensify innovation activity. Nevertheless, a huge market potential remains untapped, even as capacity utilization in terms of actual power generation has substantial scope of improvement. Germany is a global lead market for wind power, and renewable energies in general. It has a proven base of technological prowess and it has co-shaped the development of this industry. However, a certain saturation is setting in, as good sites for onshore wind power become scarce. There is a strong case for the two countries and their enterprises to cooperate in this sector. This case includes commercial, technological, humanitarian and environmental reasons. While there is a ...

Abstract

Research background
The worldwide fight against climate change and its impacts finds support in the realm of green financing. The realization of the United Nations' sustainable objectives hinges upon it. Considering that green financing is hailed as the future of banking and investment, it demands a thorough comprehension.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to delve into the cutting-edge trends within the domain of green financing research. Employing a mixed-methods approach involving bibliometric and qualitative analysis, this research aims to provide insights into this vital field.


Research methodology
Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study employs a bibliometric analysis, qualitative assessment, and content analysis to delve into the realm of green financing. Over a thousand interconnected papers are quantitatively analyzed, with validation from reputable sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect.


Results
The study's findings reveal a clear trajectory. China leads in the implementation of green finance within business operations, with the USA following suit. These results underscore crucial applications of green financing within specific research domains.


Novelty
This study unveils significant applications of green financing across various research domains. Furthermore, it highlights methods to harness the potential benefits of green financing, thus promoting research and development advancements.