Suchergebnisse

The bureaucracy has a structure that breeds its own administrative culture. In Thailand bureaucratic culture had developed for a long time ago since the era of King Chulalongkorn. Form this time arwards, Bangkok appointed bureaucracy was instituted, control over the Buddhist Monkhood (Sangka). While in the Philippines, the former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo announced her goal of building a strong republic which has a strong institutions and strong bureaucracy and free from corrupt practices and nepotism. A lesson from USA introduces "minimal state" during the Reagan Administration and "reinventing government" by the Clinton Administration.

Urbanization is not simply the phenomenon of a population problem, but is also a political, social, cultural, and economic phenomena. Study of urbanization patterns is important due to abundance reports which point out that rapid expansion of the population growth rate, living in big cities has increased enormously. The problems associated with exaggerated growth may create a primary city, that in its excessive process will have negative and disadvantage impacts for the development and the well-being of such a city.The omnipresent growth of slums, the underprivileged areas in the center and the outskirts of a city has provided a robust evidence that the proper plans at the heart of this, is paramount importance to the city development with regard to its inhabitants. Effective solutions to urbanization problems and to establish a relevant city development are to utilize effeciency in people empowerment as well as the equitable distribution of the public welfare, not just cosmetic and artificiality of the city development plan.

The economic crisis in Indonesia, may be interpreted as effects of a strategy of economic development which has been unsuited to the Indonesian condition and potency. The strategy, so far has been oriented to the static development,top-down, and too formal. Therefore, it should be readapted to be more populist in order to promote the interest and needs of ordinary people. The bottom-upstrategy development with a basic populist concept has a primary goal to equalize the interest and wellfare of ordinary people, instead of emphasizing the levels of economic development. This strategy, is an effort to optimizing the distribution of its own natural resources, thus the development will correspond with the potency and specific issues of each region.

The difference in understanding between businessmen and workers on the issue of renumeration has caused demonstrations or strike actions demanding higher pay. According to workers, wage is considered take home pay, while for businessmen take home pay is just part of the emolument paid to workers. While workers attribute low work productivity to the low pay they get, businessmen regard the low wages paid to workers as attributable to the low work productivity. The national workers' emolument determination board DPPN makes efforts to reduce the bickering over wages between workers and businessmen by calculating the minimum wage, which must be paid to the formner by the latter. Such wage should enable workers live fairly well and should thus enhance work productivity.

Various policies have been implemented by Indonesian government in its efforts to eliminate poverty. This paper proposes BKKBN's (National Family Planning Coordinating Agency) attempts which stress on poverty elimination in non-backward area by way of prosperous family development through expanding rural economic network. The program is started with improving movement of "pride of village" through programs of Plaju (that of Harvesting, Processingand Selling), Pemaju (that of Packaging and Selling), and Penguja (that of Services entrepreneurs) followed by Takesra ( that of Savings for People's Prosperity) and Kukesra (that of Entrepreneurial Credit for Prosperous Family). Through the programs, rural families are expected to play roles in agribusiness and agrobusiness sectors, as well as in small-scale industry. With the benefit gotfrom the programs, it is then expexted that levels of families' income increase consequently, and number of poor families in rural areas can be eliminated.

In the past, the role of a woman was more of bringing up children and giving company to her husband than anythingelse, but because of the economic changes and education, there are now many house wives who, in the recent days, do not only function as household managers, but they also take on careers outside the home. The perception of the community on women who work outside their families is also becoming more permissive. Generally,women havegot wide opportunities to improve on them selves. Even with this however, there are still internal obstacles which tend to hinder this improvement of women. Various efforts have so far been made to assist women in optimizing themselves according to their individual potentialities. For that matter therefore, Prijono Tjiptoherijanto explains the necessity of improving on the quality of women, either through the family or through other institutional means.

Various policies have been implemented by Indonesian government in its efforts to eliminate poverty. This paper proposes BKKBN's (National Family Planning Coordinating Agency) attempts which stress on poverty elimination in non-backward area by way of prosperous family development through expanding rural economic network. The program is started with improving movement of "pride of village" through programs of Plaju (that of Harvesting, Processingand Selling), Pemaju (that of Packaging and Selling), and Penguja (that of Services entrepreneurs) followed by Takesra ( that of Savings for People's Prosperity) and Kukesra (that of Entrepreneurial Credit for Prosperous Family). Through the programs, rural families are expected to play roles in agribusiness and agrobusiness sectors, as well as in small-scale industry. With the benefit gotfrom the programs, it is then expexted that levels of families' income increase consequently, and number of poor families in rural areas can be eliminated.

Tata pemerintahan yang baik merupakan masalah penting selama dua dekade terakhir. Good governance telah menjadi paradigma baru menggantikan paradigma lama dalam administrasi publik yang dikembangkan oleh Max Weber. Model konvensional seperti administrasi umum semua tentang pemerintah telah ditinggalkan dan diganti dengan yang baru, yang melibatkan kerjasama dari tiga unsur: pemerintah, masyarakat sipil, dan sektor usaha. Tata pemerintahan yang baik terjadi tidak hanya ketika politisi yang jujur dan akuntabel, tetapi juga ketika pegawai negeri sipil yang efisien dan produktif. Sejak awal, kualitas pemerintahan telah sebagian besar tergantung pada kualitas orang yang menjalankannya. Sayangnya, reputasi pejabat publik berbicara untuk dirinya sendiri di hampir negara-negara berkembang dengan tidak terkecuali di negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Ada persepsi umum bahwa birokrasi di negara-negara yang sebagian besar masih tidak efisien dan korup. Tulisan yang mengambil kasus di empat negara Asia Tenggara ini akan mengungkapkan situasi yang sebenarnya dari kualitas dan perilaku pegawai negeri sipil di negara-negara tersebut.

Urbanization is not simply the phenomenon of a population problem, but is also a political, social, cultural, and economic phenomena. Study of urbanization patterns is important due to abundance reports which point out that rapid expansion of the population growth rate, living in big cities has increased enormously. The problems associated with exaggerated growth may create a primary city, that in its excessive process will have negative and disadvantage impacts for the development and the well-being of such a city.The omnipresent growth of slums, the underprivileged areas in the center and the outskirts of a city has provided a robust evidence that the proper plans at the heart of this, is paramount importance to the city development with regard to its inhabitants. Effective solutions to urbanization problems and to establish a relevant city development are to utilize effeciency in people empowerment as well as the equitable distribution of the public welfare, not just cosmetic and artificiality of the city development plan.

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An important agency of the government is its civil service or bureaucracy. The civil service has the potential to empower a government to achieve a country's goals, that is, to improve its citizens' standard of living. The ability of a civil service to successfully support the government depends heavily on the characteristics of the civil service. In the case of Indonesia, the civil service is slow; lacks transparency, accountability, and initiative; and is sometimes corrupt. Therefore Indonesia's civil service is badly in need of reform, both in relation to its institutional aspects as well as in relation to moral issues.

Recent social and political changes in Indonesia have had profound impacts on Indonesian society and culture. Among others these changes include: democratization, decentralization or regional autonomy, transparency, and openness of information against the backdrop of globalization. To adapt to the situation, the Indonesian government reorganized its bureaucracy, an exercise that involved changes in structure and systems that would result in modern and efficient bureaucracy. Democratic processes brought two important results: (a) freedom of the press and (b) freedom of expression. These two freedoms provide the opportunity for the increased "transparency" and "accountability" of government practices and decision making, while also opening room for "participatory government". Therefore, these changes became an important source for building trust in government. However, sometimes mass media reporting has gone too far, publishing distorted and incorrect information, with negative results. Freedom of expression in terms of "street demonstration", sometimes have become violent and destructive not only to the peoples' lives but also to the economy. Another result of the "Reformation Era" has been the decentralization process which was started in 2001. With the implementation of decentralization or regional autonomy vide Law No. 22 of 1999, at the beginning of 2001 and subsequently in 2003, the decentralization process changed the political as well as economic life of local society.