Suchergebnisse

This book analyses the rise of the settlement system in the heartland of the Minangkabau region in the highlands of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It explores the regional settlement pattern arising from Adityavarman's highland interregnum (c. 1347-75), and provides the first attempt to place the archaeological remains and the landscape of Tanah Datar, a fertile plain in the highlands of West Sumatra, in a cultural historic synthesis. The core of this research consisted of excavations at Bukit Gombak and Bukit Kincir. Bukit Gombak was a central place in Adityavarman's kingdom, and provides evidence of the organization and material development of this political entity. Surveys uncovered other settlements that could be examined in relation to each other and to sites from earlier and later periods, and used to sketch out the settlement history of Tanah Datar from prehistoric times to the colonial period. The book consists of detailed studies of metal, ceramics and glass finds by laboratory-based specialists as well as careful descriptions of stone, clay and other finds.

Baupläne des späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts zeigen in den britischen Kolonialstadtgründungen Penang (Malaysia) und Singapur, dass genderdifferenzierte Raumkonzepte das Wohnen geprägt haben. In diesem Artikel werden die Formen des Wohnens sowie der Wandel der Raum- und Stadtstrukturen im kolonialstädtischen Südostasien beschrieben, die zur Herausbildung dieser binären Raumstrukturen geführt haben. Neben den sozioökonomischen Veränderungsprozessen verdienen Aspekte wie Geschlechterbeziehungen, Familien- und Haushaltsformen sowie vorbildprägende Wohnformen der Oberschichten besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Der Wandel der Wohnformen und -verhältnisse wird am Beispiel des innerstädtischen Shophouses konkretisiert. Das Shophouse hatte sich von einem teilgewerblich genutzten Stadthaus, das nach dem chinesischen Hofhaus angelegt war, zu einem Wohnreihenhaus nach Vorbildern viktorianischer Vorstadthäuser in Großbritannien entwickelt und diente schließlich als suburbanes Wohnhaus.

Die malaysische Regierung betreibt die Ökonomisierung der Innenstädte und nimmt soziale Nachfolgeprobleme in Kauf. Die historischen Shophouses sollen verschwinden.

International audience ; In this short editorial we present some thoughts on present and future trends in Artificial Intelligence (AI) generally, and Machine Learning (ML) specifically. Due to the huge ongoing success in machine learning, particularly in statistical learning from big data, there is rising interest of academia, industry and the public in this field. Industry is investing heavily in AI, and spin-offs and start-ups are emerging on an unprecedented rate. The European Union is allocating a lot of additional funding into AI research grants, and various institutions are calling for a joint European AI research institute. Even universities are taking AI/ML into their curricula and strategic plans. Finally, even the people on the street talk about it, and if grandma knows what her grandson is doing in his new start-up, then the time is ripe: We are reaching a new AI spring. However, as fantastic current approaches seem to be, there are still huge problems to be solved: the best performing models lack transparency, hence are considered to be black boxes. The general and worldwide trends in privacy, data protection, safety and security make such black box solutions difficult to use in practice. Specifically in Europe, where the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into effect on May, 28, 2018 which affects everybody (right of explanation). Consequently, a previous niche field for many years, explainable AI, explodes in importance. For the future, we envision a fruitful marriage between classic logical approaches (ontologies) with statistical approaches which may lead to context-adaptive systems (stochastic ontologies) that might work similar as the human brain.