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"Oceans Rise Empires Fall: Why Geopolitics Hastens Climate Change discusses how geopolitics affects climate change by highlighting its catastrophic effects. Even though states would prefer to reduce emissions in the abstract, they would always prioritize access to carbon-based fuels necessary for generating economic growth to compete with rival states. Thus, geopolitical competition ramps the difficulty of implementing effective climate change policies. Oceans Rise Empires Fall discusses how the Ukraine and Russia conflict exposed priorities such as territorial control and fossil fuel acquisition over a zero-carbon future. It explains that competitive territorial, resource, and technological dramas obscured the deterioration of the planet's life support systems"--

In the last few years, it has become abundantly clear that the effects of accelerating climate change will be catastrophic, from rising seas to more violent storms to desertification. Yet why do nation-states find it so difficult to implement transnational policies that can reduce carbon output and slow global warming? In Oceans Rise, Empires Fall, Gerard Toal explains why geopolitical competition is the primary obstacle. In a world of interstate rivalry, nations tend to always prioritize acquiring the fossil fuels necessary for growth in the short term over working toward a zero-carbon future.

In sum, by showing how and why local regional disputes quickly develop into global crises through the paired power of historical memory and time-space compression, 'Near Abroad' reshapes our understanding of the current conflict raging in the centre of the Eurasian landmass and international politics as a whole.

Before Russia invaded Ukraine, it invaded Georgia. Both states are part of Russia's'near abroad'- newly independent states that were once part of the Soviet Union and are now Russia's neighbors. While the Russia-Georgia war of 2008 faded from the headlines in the wake of the global recession, the geopolitical contest that created it did not. Six years later, the spectre of a revanchist Russia returned when Putin's forces invaded and annexed the Crimean peninsula, once part of Russia but an internationally recognized part of Ukraine since the Soviet collapse. Crimea's annexation and follow on conflict in eastern Ukraine have generated the greatest geopolitical crisis on the European continent since the end of the Cold War. In Near Abroad, the eminent political geographer Gerard Toal moves beyond the polemical rhetoric that surrounds Russia's interventions in Georgia and Ukraine to study the underlying territorial conflicts and geopolitical struggles. Central to understanding are legacies of the Soviet Union collapse: unresolved territorial issues, weak states and a conflicted geopolitical culture in Russia over the new territorial order. The West's desire to expand NATO contributed to a growing geopolitical contest in Russia's near abroad. This found expression in a 2008 NATO proclamation that Georgia and Ukraine will become members of NATO, a'red line'issue for Russia. The road to invasion and war in Georgia and Ukraine, thereafter, is explained in Near Abroad. Geopolitics is often thought of as a game of chess. Near Abroad provides an account of real life geopolitics, one that emphasizes changing spatial relationships, geopolitical cultures and the power of media images. Rather than being a cold game of deliberation, geopolitics is often driven by emotions and ambitions, by desires for freedom and greatness, by clashing personalities and reckless acts. Not only a penetrating analysis of Russia's relationships with its regional neighbors, Near Abroad also offers an analysis of how US geopolitical culture frequently fails to fully understand Russia and the geopolitical archipelago of dependencies in its near abroad.

Ethnic cleansing and return as geopolitics -- Yugoslavia's violent dissolution -- A distinctive geopolitical space -- Polarization and poison -- Ethnic cleansing -- Persistence ambivalence -- Early battles over returns -- Building capacity -- Rule of law -- Localized geopolitical struggles -- Did ethnic cleaning succeed? -- List of interviews

The book Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space was first published twenty-five years ago. In this article, I briefly discuss the geopolitical and intellectual sources of inspiration for the development Critical Geopolitics as a distinctive approach within Anglo-American political geography. In doing so, I distinguish it from other concurrent critical approached to International Relations and the world-system within English-speaking Geography at this time. Thereafter I consider four lines of critique of Critical Geopolitics. The first is the argument that the approach is too political. A subsidiary argument considers its relationship to violence. The second is the argument that it is neglects embodiment and everyday life and that, consequently, a Feminist Geopolitics is needed as a necessary corrective. The third is that claim that the approach is too textual and operates with a flawed conception of discourse, one that neglects practice. The fourth critique is that Critical Geopolitics has an undeveloped conception of materiality and neglects more-than-human agency. In discuss these criticisms, I make an argument for a continuity of concern with latent catastrophism in Critical Geopolitics from the danger of nuclear war in the mid-nineteen eighties to the climate emergency of today. ; Accepted version

The book Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space was first published twenty-five years ago. In this article, I briefly discuss the geopolitical and intellectual sources of inspiration for the development Critical Geopolitics as a distinctive approach within Anglo-American political geography. In doing so, I distinguish it from other concurrent critical approached to International Relations and the world-system within English-speaking Geography at this time. Thereafter I consider four lines of critique of Critical Geopolitics. The first is the argument that the approach is too political. A subsidiary argument considers its relationship to violence. The second is the argument that it is neglects embodiment and everyday life and that, consequently, a Feminist Geopolitics is needed as a necessary corrective. The third is that claim that the approach is too textual and operates with a flawed conception of discourse, one that neglects practice. The fourth critique is that Critical Geopolitics has an undeveloped conception of materiality and neglects more-than-human agency. In discuss these criticisms, I make an argument for a continuity of concern with latent catastrophism in Critical Geopolitics from the danger of nuclear war in the mid-nineteen eighties to the climate emergency of today. ; El libro Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space se publicó por primera vez hace veinticinco años. En este artículo, discuto brevemente las fuentes geopolíticas e intelectuales que inspiraron el desarrollo de la Geopolítica Crítica como un enfoque distintivo dentro de la geografía política angloamericana. Al hacerlo, lo distingo de otros enfoques críticos en desarrollo en las Relaciones Internacionales y del análisis del sistema-mundo dentro de la Geografía angloparlante en ese momento. A continuación, considero cuatro líneas de crítica a la Geopolítica Crítica. La primera es el argumento de que el enfoque es demasiado político. Un argumento subsidiario considera su relación con la violencia. La segunda es el argumento de que ignora la política de la corporeidad y la vida cotidiana para lo cual la geopolítica feminista es un correctivo necesario. La tercera es la afirmación de que el enfoque es demasiado textual y opera con una concepción defectuosa del discurso, que desatiende la práctica. La cuarta crítica es que la Geopolítica Crítica tiene una concepción poco desarrollada de la materialidad y descuida la agencia no humana. Al discutir estas críticas, defiendo la continuidad de la preocupación por el catastrofismo latente en la Geopolítica Crítica desde el peligro de la guerra nuclear a mediados de los años ochenta hasta la emergencia climática de hoy. ; O livro Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space foi publicado pela primeira vez há vinte e cinco anos. Neste artigo, discuto brevemente as fontes geopolíticas e intelectuais de inspiração para o desenvolvimento da Geopolítica Crítica como uma abordagem distinta dentro da geografía política anglo-americana. Ao fazer isso, eu a distingo de outras abordagens críticas simultâneas às Relações Internacionais e ao sistema-mundo dentro da Geografia de língua inglesa da época. Posteriormente, considero quatro linhas de crítica da Geopolítica Crítica. A primeira argumenta que a abordagem é política demais. Um argumento subsidiário considera sua relação com a violência. A segunda baseia-se no argumento de que negligencia a corporificação e a vida cotidiana e que, consequentemente, uma Geopolítica Feminista é necessária como um corretivo necessário. A terceira é a afirmação de que a abordagem é muito textual e opera com uma concepção falha do discurso, que negligencia a prática. Por fim, quarta crítica é que a Geopolítica Crítica tem uma concepção subdesenvolvida de materialidade e negligencia a agência mais do que humana. Ao discutir essas críticas, defendo a continuidade da preocupação com o catastrofismo latente na Geopolítica Crítica, desde o perigo de uma guerra nuclear em meados da década de oitenta até a emergência climática de hoje.

The theory and practice of referenda played an important role in the break-up of Yugoslavia, especially in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), where two divisive referenda preceded the Bosnian War of 1992-1995. After the failure of constitutional reforms in April 2006, Milorad Dodik, then Republika Srpska's prime minister, suggested that Republika Srpska had the right to hold its own referendum, with separation from Bosnia an unstated (yet soon openly discussed) aspiration. This paper presents an account of the emergence of Republika Srpska referendum discourse and how it was articulated by Milorad Dodik to establish his SNSD party as the dominant force in Republika Srpska. It documents the dialogical context and rhetorical gambits used by Dodik to articulate the discourse, tracing how it evolved in response to regional events and elections. The paper concludes by considering the limits of interpreting Dodik as a demagogue and of a discourse-centered approach to political rhetoric.