Suchergebnisse

Since her establishment in 1945 post the proclamation of her independence, the Republic of Indonesia has been aware of the role of international relations and international interactions based on legal principles. Such awareness has been outlined in Article 11 of the Constitution of 1945, the issue has been stipulated more clear and in detail. As a consequence, the Indonesia parliament and government enacted Law Number 24 of 2000 regarding the International Agreements. Thereby the Republic of Indonesia was able to play her role in the safeguarding of peace and international security. Keywords: international relations, mixed ratification principles, parliament consent.

This report assesses the role of public interventions in mobilizing commercial financing for grid-connected solar projects in seven developing countries - Chile, India, Maldives, Morocco, the Philippines, Senegal, and South Africa. Desktop research is complemented by interviews with development professionals, academics, and public officials, and the results of an online survey developed to gain insights and perspective from private developers and other commercial capital providers. The focus is on the ability to attract commercial investors and lenders, without analysis of the financing terms. The scope is limited to utility-scale, grid-connected projects because of the risk concentration inherent to large projects and the importance of large-scale investments in clean energy for the transition toward low carbon development pathways. The analysis puts into perspective the linkages between global and country-specific factors, the complexity and multifaceted nature of the choices that decision makers face, and their rationale for pursuing a specific course of action. The report is intended for policy makers and development partners, including development banks and other donors providing technical assistance in developing countries. It should also be of interest to investment and commercial banks, developers, investors, and other players active in the solar market. For governments and policy makers, the findings are expected to inform decisions on allocating public financing for leveraging commercial investments and inform their decision-making process. For development partners, the report provides a useful perspective on their efforts to attract non-public sources of financing in support of the development agenda.

The study examines the relationship between intrinsic motivation and job involvement, with employee retention acting as a mediating variable. To succeed in its mission, every company must be able to retain its key employees. The independent variables of the study were intrinsic motivation and job involvement, while employee retention is the dependent variable. Data was gathered from a convenience sample of 160 employees from selected government departments in East London and Zwelitsha, Eastern Cape province. A four-part questionnaire was used for data collection. The measuring instruments were a self-designed questionnaire to measure the biographical and occupational data, and a questionnaire developed to measure intrinsic motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) with a Cronbach alpha = 0.81. To measure job involvement, Kanungo's (1982) 10-item five-point Likert-type rating scale was used (Cronbach's alpha = 0.74). To measure employee retention was measured using the cumulative Michigan Organizational Assessment two-item questionnaire (Camman, Fichman & Klesh, 1979) and a third assessment item from Landau and Hammer (1986). Data analysis was done by means of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation technique, and Multiple Regression analysis. The results obtained from this study showed that there is a significant positive association between intrinsic motivation, job involvement and employee retention. The results further showed that employee's intrinsic motivation and job involvement have an influence on employee's intention to quit. The results further showed that intrinsic motivation is the strongest predicator of employee retention, followed by job involvement. The practical implications of this study mainly relate to employee retention or prevention of a high rate of labour turnover. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2119

Procurement fraud is fraud that occurs in the public sector in the form of embezzlement, misappropriation of assets, and false explanations. This study aims to examine the factors that influence procurement fraud: a perspective study of perceived independent government auditors. The population in this study were all auditors at the BPK Office of the Republic of Bali Province Representative, while 40 people were selected as research objects. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method. Data were tested using validity test, reliability test, non response bias test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple regression analysis, hypothesis test and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the financial pressure variable had a positive and significant effect on procurement fraud. Weaknesses in procurement systems and procedures have a negative and significant effect on procurement fraud. The quality of the procurement committee has no significant effect on procurement fraud. Attitudes towards fraud behavior do not significantly influence procurement fraud. Subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on procurement fraud. The perceived behavioral control has no significant effect on procurement fraud.

SummaryModern medicine has made many advances in the capability to sustain life. The dental profession needs to keep up to date with these changes and be creative in caring for these individuals who are medically compromised and who require special care.11 This sometimes requires the purchase of new equipment; other times it means modifying that which exists. In all instances, the level of care for these individuals requires a team approach and mandates education of all team members. In the case presented, the medical problems necessitated such a team effort to achieve optimal care.

In an attempt to increase power to detect genetic associations with brain phenotypes derived from human neuroimaging data, we recently conducted a large-scale, genome-wide association meta-analysis of hippocampal, brain, and intracranial volume through the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Here, we present a freely available online interactive tool, EnigmaVis, which makes it easy to visualize the association results generated by the consortium alongside allele frequency, genes, and functional annotations. EnigmaVis runs natively within the web browser, and generates plots that show the level of association between brain phenotypes at user-specified genomic positions. Uniquely, EnigmaVis is dynamic; users can interact with elements on the plot in real time. This software will be useful when exploring the effect on brain structure of particular genetic variants influencing neuropsychiatric illness and cognitive function. Future projects of the consortium and updates to EnigmaVis will also be displayed on the site. EnigmaVis is freely available online at http://enigma.loni.ucla.edu/enigma-vis/

Both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common problems resulting from military service, and both have been associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia resulting from Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other causes. This study aims to use imaging techniques and biomarker analysis to determine whether traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or PTSD resulting from combat or other traumas increase the risk for AD and decrease cognitive reserve in Veteran subjects, after accounting for age. Using military and Department of Veterans Affairs records, 65 Vietnam War veterans with a history of moderate or severe TBI with or without PTSD, 65 with ongoing PTSD without TBI, and 65 control subjects are being enrolled in this study at 19 sites. The study aims to select subject groups that are comparable in age, gender, ethnicity, and education. Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia are being excluded. However, a new study just beginning, and similar in size, will study subjects with TBI, subjects with PTSD, and control subjects with MCI. Baseline measurements of cognition, function, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; magnetic resonance images (structural, diffusion tensor, and resting state blood-level oxygen dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging); and amyloid positron emission tomographic (PET) images with florbetapir are being obtained. One-year follow-up measurements will be collected for most of the baseline procedures, with the exception of the lumbar puncture, the PET imaging, and apolipoprotein E genotyping. To date, 19 subjects with TBI only, 46 with PTSD only, and 15 with TBI and PTSD have been recruited and referred to 13 clinics to undergo the study protocol. It is expected that cohorts will be fully recruited by October 2014. This study is a first step toward the design and statistical powering of an AD prevention trial using at-risk veterans as subjects, and provides the basis for a larger, more comprehensive study of dementia risk factors in veterans. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Alzheimer's Association.