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The Kobane Generation: Kurdish Diaspora Mobilising in France
A small Kurdish city located in northern Syria, Kobane, became symbolically significant when ISIS laid siege to the city between September 2014 and January 2015. This pivotal moment in the fight against ISIS threw the international spotlight on the Kurds. The Kobane Generation analyses how Kurdish diaspora communities mobilised in France after the breakout of the Syrian civil war and political unrest in Turkey and Iraq in the 2010s. Tens of thousands of people, mostly but not exclusively diaspora Kurds, demonstrated in major European capitals, expressed their solidarity with Kobane, and engaged in transnational political activism towards Kurdistan. In this book, Mari Toivanen discusses a series of critical events that led to different forms of transnational participation towards Kurdistan. The focus of this book is particularly on how diaspora mobilisations became visible among the second generation, the descendants of Kurdish migrants. The book addresses important questions, such as why second-generation members felt the need to mobilise and what kind of transnational participation this led to. How did the transnational participation and political activism of the second generation differ from that of their parents, and is such activism simply diasporic or also related to more global changes in political activism? The Kobane Generation offers important insights on the generational dynamics of political mobilisations and their significance to understanding diaspora contributions. More broadly, it sheds light on second-generation political activism beyond the diaspora context, analysing it in relation to global transformations in political subjectivities.
The Kobane generation : Kurdish diaspora mobilising in France
A small Kurdish city located in northern Syria, Kobane, became symbolically significant when ISIS laid siege to the city between September 2014 and January 2015. This pivotal moment in the fight against ISIS threw the international spotlight on the Kurds. The Kobane Generation analyses how Kurdish diaspora communities mobilised in France after the breakout of the Syrian civil war and political unrest in Turkey and Iraq in the 2010s. Tens of thousands of people, mostly but not exclusively diaspora Kurds, demonstrated in major European capitals, expressed their solidarity with Kobane, and engaged in transnational political activism towards Kurdistan. In this book, Mari Toivanen discusses a series of critical events that led to different forms of transnational participation towards Kurdistan. The focus of this book is particularly on how diaspora mobilisations became visible among the second generation, the descendants of Kurdish migrants. The book addresses important questions, such as why second-generation members felt the need to mobilise and what kind of transnational participation this led to. How did the transnational participation and political activism of the second generation differ from that of their parents, and is such activism simply diasporic or also related to more global changes in political activism? The Kobane Generation offers important insights on the generational dynamics of political mobilisations and their significance to understanding diaspora contributions. More broadly, it sheds light on second-generation political activism beyond the diaspora context, analysing it in relation to global transformations in political subjectivities. ; Peer reviewed
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The Kobane generation : Kurdish diaspora mobilising in France
A small Kurdish city located in northern Syria, Kobane, became symbolically significant when ISIS laid siege to the city between September 2014 and January 2015. This pivotal moment in the fight against ISIS threw the international spotlight on the Kurds. The Kobane Generation analyses how Kurdish diaspora communities mobilised in France after the breakout of the Syrian civil war and political unrest in Turkey and Iraq in the 2010s. Tens of thousands of people, mostly but not exclusively diaspora Kurds, demonstrated in major European capitals, expressed their solidarity with Kobane, and engaged in transnational political activism towards Kurdistan. This seminal book discusses a series of critical events that led to different forms of transnational participation towards Kurdistan. The focus is particularly on how diaspora mobilisations became visible among the second generation, the descendants of Kurdish migrants. The Kobane Generation offers important insights on the generational dynamics of political mobilisations and their significance to understanding diaspora contributions. More broadly, it sheds light on second-generation political activism beyond the diaspora context, analysing it in relation to global transformations in political subjectivities.
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The Routledge International Handbook to Veils and Veiling Practices, edited by Anna-Mari Almila and David Inglis, (2018)
In: Youth and globalization, Band 2, Heft 1, S. 119-122
ISSN: 2589-5745
Second generation and migrant capital in the transnational space: the case of young Kurds in France
In: Social Inclusion, Band 7, Heft 4, S. 243-252
ISSN: 2183-2803
Transnational ties, networks, and mobilities can constitute a social resource for diaspora communities. Resources available as a result of the migration process or transnational ties can potentially become capitalised by diaspora members. Yet, diaspora members cannot automatically capitalise on all transnational networks and ties, and only resources that are mobilisable within particular transnational networks constitute "migrant capital" (Anthias, 2007; Ryan, 2011). Migrants' children have grown up in "transnational social space," in a social setting that is embedded with multiple sets of interconnected networks of social relationships, memberships, identities, and mobilities of cross-border character (Levitt, 2009). Little is known on whether such transnational networks function as a mobilisable social resource, i.e., migrant capital, for the second generation. This study focuses on the transnational ties, practices, and mobilities of second-generation Kurds in France and examines whether those constitute a mobilisable resource for them. It specifically asks if second-generation members intent to or have capitalised on such resources in the transnational social space. The study sheds light on the workings of transnational resources in the lives of the second generation and asks about the extent to which they can be considered migrant capital. The analysis draws from a qualitative dataset such as interviews and observations collected with second-generation Kurds in France.
Bahar Baser, (2015). Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts. A Comparative Perspective. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 302 pp. £70 (hbk)
In: Nations and nationalism: journal of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 858-859
ISSN: 1469-8129
Bahar Baser, (2015). Diasporas and Homeland Conflicts. A Comparative Perspective. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 302 pp. £70 (hbk)
In: Nations and nationalism: journal of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 858-859
ISSN: 1354-5078
Reflections on the Kurdish diaspora: An interview with Dr Kendal Nezan
In: Kurdish studies: the international journal of Kurdish studies, Band 3, Heft 2, S. 209-216
ISSN: 2051-4891
In this interview, Dr Kendal Nezan, the director of the Kurdish Institute in Paris, reflects on the development of the Kurdish diaspora, the current state of affairs concerning Kurdish movements in Europe and the past and present of the Kurdish Institute in Paris, first established in 1983. Nezan notes that the institute has been successful in creating a non-partisan public space open for Kurds from all corners of the world as well as to others interested in Kurdish history, language, culture and politics. Furthermore, the institute has been an important platform to raise awareness about the Kurdish cause in Europe. The continued functioning of the institute remains essential and, according to Nezan, not least for the second generation diaspora to be able to engage for the Kurdish cause. To this end, the institute has been negatively affected by the austerity policies of the French authorities and launched a donation campaign to draw contributions to ensure that it can continue to operate as an independent institute.
The Visual Lexica of (National) Belonging and Nonbelonging in the Accounts of Young Kurds in Finland
In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 192
ISSN: 1799-649X
Rethinking transnational men. Beyond, between and within nations
In: Norma: Nordic journal for masculinity studies, Band 9, Heft 3, S. 205-208
ISSN: 1890-2146
Language and Negotiation of Identities Among Young Kurds in Finland
In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research, Band 3, Heft 1, S. 27
ISSN: 1799-649X
Remembering the Past in Diasporic Spaces: Kurdish Reflections on Genocide Memorialization for Anfal
In: Genocide studies international: official publication of the International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 10-33
ISSN: 2291-1855
Diasporas engage in a variety of practices and activities to commemorate past massacres and genocides that might have led to the formation of the diaspora in the first place. In this process, certain massacres can be constructed as the "chosen trauma" and consequently become a central element in commemoration practices and identity formation. In this paper, we discuss genocide memorialization in the context of the Iraqi Kurdish diaspora in Europe. We focus specifically on genocide memorialization of the Anfal Campaign (1986–1989) that was orchestrated by Saddam Hussein's regime against the Kurdish population in Northern Iraq. We examine how collective remembering for Anfal takes place in the diasporic space, what diasporic articulations and representations of Anfal as the chosen trauma are produced in commemoration practices, and how these genocide memorialization processes differ from those in the homeland context. The article asks the following questions: How do Kurdish diaspora communities in Europe commemorate Anfal? How do diaspora narratives relate to collective memory and identity? What spatial and generational dynamics are at play in these processes?
Diasporic homecomings to the Kurdistan region of Iraq : Pre- and post-return experiences shaping motivations to re-return
This article examines the dynamics of voluntary return migration to the Kurdistan region of Iraq in the post-Saddam period and provides a contextualised analysis of the returnees' experiences in a rapidly shifting geopolitical situation in Kurdistan. It specifically focuses on examining how diasporans' motivations to return, as well as their plans to re-return, are shaped in relation to their experiences in host societies and in the 'homeland'. Drawing from qualitative interviews, it shows that Kurdish diasporans' return can be characterised as 'diasporic homecoming' as it is motivated by the desire to contribute to the economic and political development of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. However, the mismatch between expectations and 'homeland' realities combined with positive experiences and social capital accumulated in the host country makes plans for re-return more foreseeable and less risky. ; Peer reviewed
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Researching In/Visibility in the Nordic Context: Theoretical and empirical views
In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research, Band 4, Heft 4, S. 161
ISSN: 1799-649X