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Rural development is the work aimed at improving rural local conditions that bring negative effects to human life. In rural development studies, the problems of rural communities are identified and defined, and suitable solutions are developed according to these problems. The problems encountered in rural development are determined within the framework of rural development indicators and the criteria that these indicators reflect. In this study, criteria and indicators that were used in the past in rural development practices and that should be added today have been determined. The study was carried out based on the villages of Isparta Province. According to the results of the research, it was determined that 4 social criteria and 38 indicators, 7 economic criteria and 32 indicators, 4 political criteria and 16 indicators, 4 environmental criteria and 15 indicators were used in rural development studies in the past. For today's rural development studies, 8 social criteria and 36 indicators, 6 economic criteria and 35 indicators, 6 political criteria and 21 indicators, 6 environmental criteria and 28 indicators have been determined.

The rapidly increasing human population and the needs rise the threats to the future of the world. In order to avoid this situation, all countries come together under the umbrella of the United Nations (UN) and seek common solutions to this issue. One of these solutions is Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), which was founded under the aim of the "Life on Land" number 15 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and was embodied in UNCCD COP 12 in 2015. So much so that the LDN, by looking at the environmental problems experienced in a high dimension, adopted firstly the prevention of land degradation, then its reduction and the recovery of lost lands. At this point, Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) is of great importance. This study has been prepared to indicate the importance of the SFM to reaching the LDN target.

In this study, the reorganization studies in the organizational structure of the General Directorate of Forestry and their effects on employment are examined. Questionnaire technique was used as data collection method in the study, and 5-point likert scale was used in the survey questions. 500 people participated in the survey study. SPSS 20 statistical package program was used to evaluate the data obtained, and a significance level of 0.05 was taken as a criterion in statistical analysis. Since the data did not have a normal distribution, the data were evaluated with the Kruskal Wallis test, one of the non-parametric tests. The participants replied that "General Directorate of Forestry has made a strategically important reorganization change with the establishment of new forestry unit" as 52% agree and 23.8% strongly agree. Thus, 75.8% of the participants stated that the reorganization studies carried out in the organizational structure of the General Directorate of Forestry are important. Thus, with the reorganization works, a large number of Forest Engineers and Forest Conservation Officers were appointed to the newly established forestry units. As a result of these appointments, there has been a serious decrease in the number of Forest Engineers and Forest Conservation Officers waiting for a job. Seeing that there is no problem in the employment of Forest Engineers and Forest Conservation Officers, university candidates preferred the programs that provide education for these professions in the university exams they entered in 2022 and filled the quotas.

WOS: 000344355700037 ; Voluntary cooperation and the support of stakeholders carry a major importance in the development of Model Forests. The identification of the support level of local organizations as stakeholders in the Bucak Model Forest initiative, located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, constitutes the theme of this study. Within this scope, the views of the stakeholders comprising local government units (LGUs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), village councils (VCs), professional organizations (POs) and forest products enterprises (FPEs) located in the district of Bucak were collected by utilizing a survey technique. The data were analysed by using non-parametric statistical analyses due to the absence of a normal distribution. The results show that the information provided about the Model Forest concept to the stakeholders located in the district on the Bucak Model Forest initiative was identified as a factor impacting the support level. Moreover, it was also observed that the stakeholders were more willing to provide advisory support rather than financial support. NGOs and VCs were identified as stakeholders who could not provide financial support due to their restricted budgets. We discuss the benefits for a Model Forest initiative of establishing international cooperation to strengthen the local and regional sustainable development process.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the village headmen who are legally responsible in the Eastern Anatolian Region have sufficient knowledge regarding the follow-up of closed seasons or not, and to create an appropriate training program for the target audience, which would ensure more efficient control in rural areas and the village headmen's efficient participation in the sustainability of hunting-wildlife. The study includes the Ardahan, Kars, Igdir, Agri, Van, Hakkari, Bitlis, Mus, Bingol, Elazig, Malatya, Tunceli, Erzincan and Erzurum provinces. Data collected with surveys through face to face interviews to be made with 346 people in 146 villages in total. The level of knowledge of the village headmen, members of board of alderman and, village watchmen on the issues such as wildlife, protection-control, legislation and public relations questioned, and a training program appropriate for the abovementioned audience created. ; Bu çalışmada, köy muhtarlıklarının avlanma ve av yasaklarının takibinde bilgi düzeyleri belirlenmiş, kırsal yörede avcılığın ve avlanmanın etkin kontrolünü sağlayacak bir eğitim programı geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Ardahan, Kars, Iğdır, Ağrı, Van, Hakkâri, Bitlis, Muş, Bingöl, Elazığ, Malatya, Tunceli, Erzincan ve Erzurum olmak üzere 14 ilde yürütülmüş, 146 köyde, 346 kişiye anket uygulanarak veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışma ile köy muhtarlıklarının avcılığın ve avlanmanın denetimindeki eksiklikleri, bu eksikliklerin giderilmesine yönelik eğitim tercihleri, av yaban hayatı ile ilgili görüş ve önerileri belirlenmiştir. Köy muhtarlarının, ihtiyar heyeti üyelerinin ve köy bekçilerinin av-yaban hayatının sürdürülebilirliğine etkin katılımlarının sağlanmasında, bu araştırma ile geliştirilen eğitim programı kullanılmalıdır.