Suchergebnisse

This chapter addresses the interpretations of the emerging social question in the field of post-revolutionary French liberalism. It focuses on the cholera outbreak of 1832 to describe how it fostered unprecedented and dramatic representations of urban pauperism chiefly marked by feelings of panic and distress with respect to the new "dangerous classes" brought into being by the Industrial Revolution. By analysing the pandemic crisis, the chapter shows that these subjects were initially perceived not merely as a different social class, but also – and especially – as a different "race," according to a conception exemplified by the metaphor of "new barbarians" invading the manufacturing cities. Hence, the chapter retraces a transformation whereby these initial representations of the subaltern classes based on fear and exclusion gradually gave way to the rise of social research on the subaltern classes aimed at elaborating new welfare policies as risk reduction strategies. These initiatives of social investigation are described as marking the origins of the methods and epistemology of modern social sciences, which are the focus of the following chapter.

AbstractHow should the notion of civics be rethought in the digital age and within the infosphere? The commentary addresses this question by focusing on two main issues. The first part delves into the effects of the dynamics of "surveillance capitalism" and datafication processes on the possible developments of the idea of civics in the digital sphere. It stresses the need to set the issue of users' data rights at the center of digital civic initiatives. The second part explores the notions of political community and membership that should underpin the idea of digital civics. It argues that the diverse range of values and virtues which shape civics on a global scale should be taken into consideration to define the spatial scope—or political geography—of the community to which digital civic initiatives are addressed.

AbstractGrowing social inequalities represent a major concern associated with the Digital Revolution. The article tackles this issue by exploring how welfare regulations and redistribution policies can be rethought in the age of digital capitalism. It focuses on the history and enduring crisis of social citizenship rights in their connection with technological changes, in order to draw a comparison between the industrial and the digital scenario. The first section addresses the link between the Industrial Revolution and the genesis of social rights. It describes the latter as a legal 'machine' designed to offset the imbalances produced by the technological movement of industrialization. The second and third sections introduce the notion of 'industrial citizenship' to describe the architecture of social rights in mature industrial societies and to contend that European systems of welfare are still largely modeled on an industrial standard. The fourth part investigates the impact of the Digital Revolution on this model of social citizenship. It identifies debates on basic income as a major trajectory for redesigning welfare regulations in a post-industrial era, and the digital user as a crucial emerging subject of rights. The final part explores how digital users could be entitled to social rights as data suppliers. To this end, it introduces the idea of 'digital-social rights' resulting from the incorporation of welfare and redistribution principles into emerging digital rights. Hence, it proposes a legal-political framework for the redistribution of the revenues generated by data in the form of a 'digital basic income' for citizens of cyberspace.

This article explores the forms of housing and living of the subaltern classes in the French urban context of the early 19th century affected by the social consequences of the Industrial Revolution. It focuses on the social representations and discourses developed by the liberal elites in order to retrace the genesis of the concepts of "domestic comfort" and "public hygiene". The cholera epidemic of 1832 and the growth of the hygienist movement are identified as crucial driving forces for the emergence of plans of urban and housing reform for the working class aimed at protecting the social order and public health. ; L'articolo esplora le forme dell'abitare proprie delle classi popolari nel contesto urbano della Francia di prima metà Ottocento investito dalla Rivoluzione Industriale. Genesi e sviluppo dei concetti di "comfort domestico" e "igiene pubblica" vengono analizzati considerando in particolare le rappresentazioni e il discorso delle élite liberali. Di qui, l'articolo inscrive nell'epidemia di colera del 1832 e nell'affermazione del movimento igienista le determinanti fondamentali dell'emergere di istanze di riforma dell'abitare delle classi popolari volte a tutelare l'ordine sociale e la salute pubblica.

La ricerca indaga tensioni e trasformazioni che investono le principali correnti di pensiero politico in Francia nei primi anni della monarchia di Luglio, e vi osserva l'emergere del concetto di classe. Assumendo la dimensione dell'avvenimento come punto di intersezione fra storia e teoria, l'elaborato si concentra sul periodo novembre 1831-giugno 1832 per analizzare il modo in cui, nell'ordine del discorso politico repubblicano, liberale e socialista, le vicende di questi mesi vengono interpretate cercando di dar nome alle figure sociali che esse fanno irrompere nel dibattito pubblico. Il titolo Fra il nome e la storia fa dunque riferimento allo sforzo di indagare il campo di tensione che si apre fra concreto divenire storico e grandi operazioni di nominazione che segnano l'affiorare di strutture concettuali della lunga durata. L'emergere della nozione di classe operaia e delle categorie che intorno a essa si organizzano viene interpretata come una «formazione discorsiva» che pone in questione significato e confini del politico. La frattura del 1848 è assunta come orizzonte e margine esterno della ricerca nella misura in cui si ipotizza che essa segni una prima affermazione del regime di verità di tale formazione discorsiva: lo statuto politico del lavoro. L'elaborato consta di quattro capitoli. I primi tre indagano la riflessione sul politico e la funzione che in essa svolge il concetto di classe a partire dall'interpretazione di alcuni avvenimenti del tornante 1831-32 proposta nel discorso repubblicano del quotidiano «Le National» e della Société des Amis du Peuple, in quello del liberalismo dottrinario di François Guizot e in quello socialista nascente, prima del movimento sansimoniano, e poi muovendo fino al 1848 francese con l'analisi propostane da Karl Marx. Il quarto capitolo indaga infine la dimensione del «sociale», la sua elaborazione e articolazione attraverso il lavoro di studio e oggettivazione delle figure del mondo del lavoro. ; The research investigates the tensions and transformations of the main streams of political thought in France, considering the emergence of the notion of class. Starting from a conception of event as a point of intersection between history and theory, the dissertation focuses on the period November 1831-June 1832 in order to analyze how republican, liberal and socialist discourses interpreted the events unfolding during those months in the attempt of naming the social figures that swarmed in the public debate. The title Between the Name and the History hence refers to the analysis of the field of tension that emerges between the concrete historical becoming and the naming operations that signal the rise of long-lasting conceptual structures. The dissertation understands the appearance of the notion of working class as a «discursive formation» that questions the boundaries of the political. The 1848 break is taken as the horizon and external limit of the dissertation, since the research hypothesizes this rift as a first utterance of the regime of truth belonging to this discursive formation: the political statute of labor. The dissertation consists of four chapters. The first three chapters investigate the reflections on the political and the function of the concept of class in these reflections, triggered by some events occurring in 1831-1832. The first chapter analyzes the rhetoric emerging in the republican discourse, particularly in the newspaper National and in the Société des Amis du Peuple. The second chapter examines the reflections that sprung from the doctrinaire liberalism discourse of Guizot. The third chapter investigates the considerations of the rising socialist discourse: from the saint-simonian movement to Marx's analysis of 1848 in France. The fourth chapter is centered upon the «social» dimension: namely, its elaboration and articulation through the study and the objectification of different figures in the realm of labor.