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The main argument of this dissertation is that the White Mountain Apache Tribe's appropriation of ecological restoration played a vital role in reinstituting control over knowledge production and eco-cultural resources on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in the second half of the twentieth century. As a corollary, I argue that the shift in knowledge production practices from a paternalistic foundation to a community-based approach resulted in positive consequences for the ecological health of the Apachean landscape and Apache culture. The democratization of science and technology on the reservation, therefore, proved paramount to the reestablishment of a relatively sustainable Apache society. Beginning with the Indian New Deal, the White Mountain Apache slowly developed the capacity to employ ecological restoration as an eco-political tool to free themselves from a long history of Euro-American cultural oppression and natural resource exploitation. Tribal restoration projects embodied the dual political function of cultural resistance to and cultural exchange with Western-based land management organizations. Apache resistance challenged Euro-American notions of restoration, nature, and sustainability while maintaining cultural identity, reasserting cultural autonomy, and protecting tribal sovereignty. But at the same time, the Apache depended on cultural exchange with federal and state land management agencies to successfully manage their natural resources and build an ecologically knowledgeable tribal workforce. Initially adopting a utilitarian conservation model of land management, restoration projects aided the creation of a relatively strong tribal economy. In addition, early successes with trout, elk, and forest restoration projects eventually granted the Tribe political leverage when they sought to reassume control over reservation resources from the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Fish and Wildlife Service. Building on this foundation, Apache restoration work significantly diverged in character from the typical Euro-American restoration project by the 1990s. While striving toward self-sufficiency, the Tribe hybridized tribal cultural values with Western ecological values in their restoration efforts. These projects evolved the tripartite capacity to heal ecologically degraded reservation lands, to establish a degree of economic freedom from the federal government, and to restore cultural traditions. Having reversed their historical relationship of subjugation with government agencies, the Apache currently have almost full decision-making powers over tribal eco-cultural resources. ; Ph. D.

When and how can researchers synthesize survey data with analyses of social media content to study public opinion, and when and how can social media data complement surveys to better inform researchers and policymakers? This paper explores how public opinions might differ between survey and social media platforms in terms of content and audience, focusing on the test case of opinions about autonomous vehicles. The paper first extends previous overviews comparing surveys and social media as measurement tools to include a broader range of survey types, including surveys that result from public deliberation, considering the dialogic characteristics of different social media, and the range of issue publics and marginalized voices that different surveys and social media forums can attract. It then compares findings and implications from analyses of public opinion about autonomous vehicles from traditional surveys, results of public deliberation, and analyses of Reddit posts, applying a newly developed computational text analysis tool. Findings demonstrate that social media analyses can both help researchers learn more about issues that are uncovered by surveys and also uncover opinions from subpopulations with specialized knowledge and unique orientations toward a subject. In light of these findings, we point to future directions on how researchers and policymakers can synthesize survey and social media data, and the corresponding data integration techniques, to study public opinion.

Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Reimagining Conceptions of Technological and Societal Progress -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Why Philosophy and Engineering? -- 1.2.1 Structure of the Book -- 1.3 Section 1: Technological Progress -- 1.3.1 Part I: Reimagining How Engineering Relates to the Sciences -- 1.3.2 Part II: Re-imagining Engineering Epistemology and Reasoning -- 1.4 Section 2: Social Progress -- 1.4.1 Part III: Reimagining Values and Culture in Engineering and Engineered Systems -- 1.4.2 Part IV: Reimagining Social Progress Through Engineers' Ethical Principles -- 1.5 Section 3: The Connection Between Engineering and Social Progress -- 1.5.1 Part V: Re-imagining How Engineering Relates to Complex Sociotechnical Systems -- 1.5.2 Part VI: Reimagining Social Progress in Democracy, and the Need to Align Engineering to Social Values -- 1.6 Part VII: A Provocation - Reimagining the Limits of Philosophy and Knowledge Through Generic Design -- 1.7 On Progress for the Philosophy of Engineering -- References -- Part I: Technological Progress: Reimagining How Engineering Relates to the Sciences -- Chapter 2: Engineering Design Principles in Natural and Artificial Systems: Generative Entrenchment and Modularity -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Generative Entrenchment -- 2.2.1 Generative Entrenchment and Engineered Technological Systems -- 2.2.2 Entrenchment Can Drive Asymmetry and, thus, Diversity -- 2.2.3 Entrenchment and Bauplans: General Frameworks for Adaptive Radiations -- 2.3 Top-Down Modularity: The Emergence of Order from the Big Ball of Mud -- 2.3.1 How Modularity in Engineering Can Become Entrenched -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Technological Progress in the Life Sciences -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A History of Genetic Intervention -- 3.3 What's a Technological Revolution Anyway?.

Data management plan for NSF Social and Behavioral Sciences Directorate (SBE) Science & Technology Studies (STS) Program proposal