Suchergebnisse

AbstractTraining contributes to economic growth through raising productivity, enabling the use of new technologies and allowing workers to raise earnings through widening their skills base. This paper uses mixed methods to examine individual returns to off-the-job training, on-the-job training and informal training focussing on informal workers in the sectors of construction, micro-trade and transport in urban areas of Kenya and Tanzania. Based on a cross-section, the analysis shows that earnings are 21 pct. higher for workers with off-the-job training compared to being self-taught, whilst the premium for on-the-job or informal training by a family member is 16 pct. The qualitative data provide further insights into the reasons for variations in gains across the different types of training and illuminates the role of informal worker associations in facilitating training access. Formal training should be made affordable and tailored to worker needs so that it becomes a worthwhile investment for informal workers.

ResumenA pesar de la amplia bibliografía sobre la relación entre cotización social y rendimiento empresarial, la evidencia relativa a las pymes de las economías en desarrollo es escasa. Se examina aquí el caso de Indonesia utilizando datos censales empresariales de 2010 a 2014. Un aumento del gasto en seguridad social del 10 por ciento se asocia a un aumento del ingreso empresarial por trabajador de hasta el 2 por ciento. Los beneficios no disminuyen con el aumento del gasto en protección social, lo que sugiere que la ampliación de las prestaciones sociales puede ser una inversión empresarial que vale la pena.

AbstractAlthough the relationship between social protection and enterprise performance is much debated in the literature, evidence is particularly limited in the case of small and medium‐sized enterprises in developing economies. Using census data from 2010 to 2014, this article examines how the provision of social security influenced business performance in Indonesia. The author finds that increased social security spending of 10 per cent is associated with a per‐worker revenue gain of up to 2 per cent. Moreover, profits are not found to decrease with increased social protection coverage, suggesting that increasing worker benefits may be a worthwhile business investment.

RésuméLe lien entre protection sociale et résultats des entreprises est abondamment étudié, mais on manque d'informations sur la situation des petites et moyennes entreprises des économies en développement. L'auteure examine ce lien à partir de données de recensement indonésiennes portant sur la période 2010‐2014. Elle constate que, lorsque les dépenses de sécurité sociale augmentent de 10 pour cent, le chiffre d'affaires par travailleur progresse de 2 pour cent. De même, l'extension de la couverture sociale n'entraîne pas de baisse du bénéfice, ce qui laisse penser que les entreprises pourraient avoir intérêt à investir dans la sécurité sociale de leur personnel.

AbstractOn the basis of matched employer–employee data from 2007 to 2009, this paper examines the union wage gap among small and medium non‐state manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam. Controlling for both worker and firm characteristics, the results provide evidence that union members earn higher wages than non‐members, and are more likely to receive social benefits. Within unionised firms, a substantial wage premium is revealed for workers employed in Southern firms, a finding which among other factors may be attributed to historical differences between the North and South of Vietnam. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ResumenSe investiga cómo la provisión de cobertura social –un factor clave de la formalidad– afecta al rendimiento de las pymes en Viet Nam. Con datos censales de todas las empresas declaradas de 2006 a 2011, los autores encuentran que las que aumentan su cobertura social en un 10 por ciento experimentan un aumento del ingreso por trabajador del 1,4 al 2 por ciento y un incremento del beneficio de hasta el 1,8 por ciento, dependiendo del tiempo de supervivencia. Sin embargo, dado el desfase entre la «inversión» y sus retornos (mejora del rendimiento), medidas como la subvención de las cotizaciones iniciales podrían incentivar la participación en los regímenes obligatorios.

RésuméLes auteurs examinent les effets de la sécurité sociale – critère du caractère formel de l'activité – sur les résultats des PME vietnamiennes. À partir de données sur les entreprises déclarées (2006–2011), ils constatent qu'une élévation de 10 pour cent de la couverture du personnel est associée à une augmentation du chiffre d'affaires et des profits allant respectivement de 1,4 à 2 pour cent et jusqu'à 1,8 pour cent par travailleur. Toutefois, étant donné le décalage entre l'«investissement» (versement des cotisations) et son rendement (performances supérieures), des politiques d'accompagnement sont nécessaires pour encourager les petites entreprises à s'annoncer aux régimes obligatoires.

AbstractThis article investigates how social security provision – a key determinant of formality – impacts on small and medium‐sized firm performance in Viet Nam. Based on enterprise census data covering all registered firms from 2006 to 2011, the authors find that firms which increase their social security coverage by 10 per cent experience a revenue gain of 1.4–2.0 per cent per worker and a profit gain of up to 1.8 per cent, depending on the survival time of the firm. However, given the time lag between "investment" (in social security contributions) and returns (enhanced firm performance), specific policy measures such as initial social insurance subsidies for small firms could increase participation in mandatory schemes.

In Tanzania, poor enforcement of occupational health and safety (OHS) regulations has been associated with weak regulatory systems as well as lack of proper procedures on construction sites. However, the role of health and safety actors including organisational structures as enabling or disabling factors are under researched. This study employed qualitative research approach to discern the role of health and safety actors together with reasons for poor OHS enforcement on construction sites. Semi-structured interviews collected data from several health and safety actors within the sector. The salient findings from the study indicate that while legislation for enforcement of OHS exists, there is demonstrated lack of coordination including focus on formality, insufficient resources and overlapping roles regarding management of OHS. Power relations exercised by elected officials over regulators exacerbate these to influence public policy and purposeful violation of rules as a form of informal welfare policy for largely informal workers. This study recommends a need for promotion of safety leadership and behavioral change together with adequate supply of health and safety resources to the whole organisational system. Planning, tendering, designing and implementation stages of construction projects should embrace safety culture.