Suchergebnisse

Mood and substance use disorders (SUDs) are mental conditions that are highly prevalent in the general population. Cooccurrence of major depression and SUD, also known as dual depression, is very common in the field of substance addiction. Sex differences are found in both major depression and SUD. This review, after presenting the state of the art of dual depression as regards prevalence, ethiopathologic mechanisms, and clinical aspects, is focused on dual depression in women. An overview of some potential factors associated with the sex gap in dual depression such as injecting, sexual risk behavior, intimate partner violence, and the reproductive cycle is presented. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 2014-2020 under Grant Agreement No 634143 (MedBioinformatics) and ISCIIIRed de Trastornos Adictivos-RTA-FEDER (RD12/0028/0009 and RD16/0017/0010).

The high frequency of criminal behaviour and related legal problems associated with substance addiction generates a field of interaction between legal and healthcare systems. This study was developed as a multicentre project to investigate the opinions of professionals from legal and healthcare systems about policies on illegal drugs and their implementation in practice. A multiple choice questionnaire designed ad hoc was administered to a sample of 230 professionals from legal and healthcare fields working in the cities of Barcelona, Granada and Bilbao. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and work-related data, and assessed interviewees' information about the response to drug-related crime and opinion on drug policy issues. This article presents the results from Spain. The main results showed that both groups of professionals value alternative measures to imprisonment (AMI) as useful tools to prevent offenses related to drug use and claim a broader application of AMI. They also evaluated positively the regulations on cannabis use in effect. Though the attitude of healthcare professionals towards the application of AMI is more permissive, both groups favour restricting these sanctions in cases of recidivism. Both groups show mild satisfaction with the current addiction healthcare system and express dissatisfaction with actual drug policies in Spain ; La elevada frecuencia de conductas delictivas y problemas legales relacionados con las adicciones a sustancias genera un terreno de interacción entre los ámbitos legal y sanitario. En este contexto se ha llevado a cabo un estudio multicéntrico de las opiniones de los profesionales tanto del ámbito legal como del sanitario sobre la legislación relacionada con las drogas y su implementación en la práctica de acuerdo al marco legal vigente. Se administró a 230 profesionales tanto del ámbito legal como del sanitario de Barcelona, Granada y Bilbao un cuestionario de respuesta múltiple diseñado ad hoc, con datos sociodemográficos y laborales y preguntas para ...

In Spain, detoxification in general hospitals plays an important role in the medical care of patients. We aim to provide clinicians with information on the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric co-morbidity in drug abusers in detoxification. A sample of 115 substance-abuse inpatients (mean age 31.9 ± 6.4 years) in a Detoxification Unit of a general university hospital was studied using the Spanish version of the PRISM. Most of the patients had multiple dependence diagnoses and co-morbid axis I or axis II psychiatric disorders. Patients with dual diagnosis showed lower psychosocial functioning than patients without co-morbidity and more dependence diagnoses due to cannabis and sedatives. A total of 80% of the patients successfully completed the detoxification process. The present results enhance the value of detoxification in a general hospital as a first step of the overall treatment strategy.

Altres ajuts: Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (no. 115372, EMIF and no. 115191, Open PHACTS), resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies' in kind contribution. ; Summary: PsyGeNET (Psychiatric disorders and Genes association NETwork) is a knowledge platform for the exploratory analysis of psychiatric diseases and their associated genes. PsyGeNET is composed of a database and a web interface supporting data search, visualization, filtering and sharing. PsyGeNET integrates information from DisGeNET and data extracted from the literature by text mining, which has been curated by domain experts. It currently contains 2642 associations between 1271 genes and 37 psychiatric disease concepts. In its first release, PsyGeNET is focused on three psychiatric disorders: major depression, alcohol and cocaine use disorders. PsyGeNET represents a comprehensive, open access resource for the analysis of the molecular mechanisms underpinning psychiatric disorders and their comorbidities.

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> The objective of this study was to develop and validate a brief tool, the Dual Diagnosis Screening Instrument (DDSI), to screen psychiatric disorders in substance users in treatment and nontreatment-seeking samples. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 827 substance users (66.5% male, mean age 28.6 ± 9.9 years) recruited in treatment (in- and outpatient) and nontreatment (substance user volunteers in university research studies) settings were assessed by trained interviewers using the DDSI and the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM) as the criterion standard. Both instruments were administered blind to the results of the other. Disorders obtained with the DDSI were compared to lifetime diagnoses obtained with the PRISM. Sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values were estimated. Also test-retest reliability of the DDSI was assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The DDSI showed a high sensitivity (=80%) for identifying lifetime depression, mania, psychosis, panic, social phobia, and specific phobia disorders. Specificity was =82% for those diagnoses. Test-retest &#954; showed excellent agreement (range 81-95%). The mean duration of the DDSI administration was 16.8 ± 2.5 min. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The DDSI is a valid and easy-to-administer screening tool to detect possible psychiatric comorbidity among substance users.

<i>Objective:</i> To adapt the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for its use in substance abuse patients (CIRS-SA) and to assess the reliability, internal consistency, and validity of the instrument. <i>Method:</i> One-hundred outpatients of both sexes, 62 men and 38 women, with a mean (SD) age of 32.4 (7.9) years (range 19–57), all of them fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for any substance abuse disorder. Internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's α coefficient. Test-retest and interrater reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient and Wilcoxon z. Validity of the scale was assessed with Kendall's τ correlation coefficient. <i>Results:</i> The final CIRS-SA version had a total of 13 items. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.57. All intraclass correlation coefficients were above 0.7, and some items showed exact coincidence. The stability of the CIRS-SA scale in a 1-month test re-test reassessment was demonstrated. The CIRS-SA score showed a significant correlation with all consultant scores. <i>Conclusion:</i> CIRS-SA is a reliable and valid instrument to assess and to determine systematically the physical condition of substance abusers in whom infections, particularly by the HIV, are highly prevalent.

Background: In clinical practice, there is the need to have clinical and biological markers to identify induced depression. The objective was to investigate clinical, biological and genetic differences between Primary Major Depression (Primary MD) and Alcohol Induced MD (AI-MD). Methods: Patients, of both genders, were recruited from psychiatric hospitalisation units. The PRISM instrument was used to establish the diagnoses. Data on socio-demographic/family history, clinical scales for depression, anxiety, personality and stressful life events were recorded. A blood test was performed analysing biochemical parameters and a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) to identify genetic markers associated with AI-MD. Results: A total of 80 patients were included (47 Primary MD and 33 AI-MD). The AI-MD group presented more medical comorbidities and less family history of depression. There were differences in traumatic life events, with higher scores in the AI-MD (14.21 ± 11.35 vs. 9.30 ± 7.38; p = 0.021). DSM-5 criteria were different between groups with higher prevalence of weight changes and less anhedonia, difficulties in concentration and suicidal thoughts in the AI-MD. None of the genetic variants reached significance beyond multiple testing thresholds; however, some suggestive variants were observed. Conclusions: This study has found clinical and biological features that may help physicians to identify AI-MD and improve its therapeutic approach. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 2014–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 634143 (MedBioinformatics) and ISCIII-Red de Trastornos Adictivos-RTA-FEDER (RD12/0028/0009 and RD16/0017/0010). Acció instrumental d'Intensificació de Professionals de la Salut—Facultatius especialistes (PERIS: SLT006/17/00014).