Before the crisis of capitalism in its neoliberal expression in their nefarious destructive dynamics of man and nature is necessary to keep the creativity and initiative to advance the construction of the historical political subject as a key player in the economic, social transformations, political and cultural the country needs at this historic moment.
The data for this analysis are drawn almost exclusively from C. G. Guzman, LA VIOLENCIA EN COLOMBIA; ESTUDIO DE UN PROCE SO SOCIAL (Bogota, Colombia: Ediciones Tercer Mundo, 1962), G. Perez, EL CAMPESINO COLOMBIANO: UN PROBLEMA DE ESTRUCTURA (Bogota, Colombia: Centro de Investigaciones Sociales, 1962); & O. Fals Borda, CAMPE- SINO DE LOS ANDES (Bogota, Colombia, Editorial Iquelma, 1961). The analysis proceeds in 3 stages: (1) Variables common to every Ru society, covering (a) lack of DofL & specialization & scarcity of soc roles, (b) soc isolation, (c) importance of the Ru neighborhoods in soc life, (d) individualism, (e) conflict with the out-group, (f) feeling of inferiority. (2) Variables peculiar to the Ru societies of underdeveloped countries: concluding that in the underdeveloped countries of Latin America, the majority of the pop find all channels of ascent blocked, that the econ factor conditions this blocking, that the industr elite that control the channels of ascent are interested in keeping them blocked, that upward mobility occurs in small groups & not en masse & is material rather than soc or cultural, that immobility is more acute in Ru areas, &, finally, that violence has produced a class consciousness & abnormal channels of soc ascent transformed the peasants into a majority pressure group. (3) Characteristic variables of Colombian Ru society: (i) pol'al sectarianism, (ii) lack of class consciousness, & (iii) respect for private property. It is concluded that the phenomenon of violence has been the most important catalyst of S-cul change in Colombia since the Spanish Conquest. Through the guerillas the Ru communities have become integrated within the processes of modernization & Ur'ization. Violence has created the conditions for the establishment of a Ru sub-culture. Nevertheless, violence has wrought all these changes through pathological channels & without an orderly process of ED of the country as a whole. A Bibliog. A. Peskin.
