Suchergebnisse

Can the use of force first against a less-than-imminent threat be both morally acceptable and consistent with American values? In this timely book Mark Totten offers the first in-depth, historical examination of the use of preemptive and preventive force through the lens of the just war tradition.Although critical of the American incursion into Iraq as a so-called "preemptive war," Totten argues that the new terrorist threat nonetheless demands careful consideration of when the first use of force is legitimate. The moral tradition, he concludes, provides a principled way forward that reconciles American values and the demands of security

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. A Theoretical Survey: The Study of Male Violence -- Chapter 2. Laying the Foundations: The Screening Interviews -- Chapter 3. At Home: Learning Familial and Gender Ideologies -- Chapter 4. On the Street: Developing Familial and Gender Ideologies -- Chapter 5. In the Gang: Consolidating Familial and Gender Ideologies -- Conclusion. Summary of Findings and Directions for Future Research and Policy Initiatives -- Appendix A. Screening Interview Questions -- Appendix B. In-depth Interview Questions -- References

This study focuses on the development and effect of familial and gender ideologies on the masculine identities of thirty marginal male youth aged thirteen to seventeen years, all of whom were gang members or belonged to violent male peer groups. Qualitative, indepth interviews uncovered protest and negative masculine identities. Their abusive behavior, directed at girlfriends, gays, and racial minorities, is suggested to be a response to blocked access to traditional institutional benefits of patriarchy. Violence compensated for perceived threats to their masculine identities. The construction of masculinity was an ongoing process for these boys, negotiated and developed on a daily basis using available resources in their social space location. Significant differences within the sample explain the variation in the degree to which they embraced patriarchal-authoritarian models of family and gender, and variation in the forms and seriousness of their physical and sexual violence.