Suchergebnisse

In this paper, we estimate short- and long-term tax buoyancy for 30 Asian-Pacific countries during 1980–2017 using recent panel techniques. Using Mean Group estimators, we found that the short-run buoyancy is statistically not different from one, while the long-run buoyancy is statistically larger than one. In 11 out of 30 countries, growth has improved fiscal sustainability over time, while in only 4 out of 30 countries the tax system has acted as a good automatic stabilizer. Results are robust to the estimation with alternative estimators, the inclusion of inflation and tax rates. We uncovered that buoyancies increased in magnitude and significance over time. Lastly, resorting to nonlinear estimations of short-run buoyancies contingent on the phase of the business cycle, we find that buoyancy is generally larger during recessions. ; authorsversion ; published

PurposeAccording to the Central Bank of Cape Verde, price stability is an important aspect when conducting its monetary policy. Given the fixed exchange rate regime towards the Portuguese Escudo/Euro and the high degree of trade inter‐dependence, this paper aims to analyse the "inflation import" phenomenon from Portugal to Cape Verde's economy from 1992 to 2008.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes a VECM and Granger causality approach.FindingsThe paper finds evidence in favour of the existence of a propagation mechanism, i.e., inflation transmission from Portugal to Cape Verde. The reverse conclusion is not true though. Another interesting implication from the policy‐making perspective is that Cape Verde's CPI is affected by non‐expected shocks in the short run and it takes, on average, 12 months for an adjustment towards a higher level to take place.Practical implicationsSo, Portuguese inflation is an important variable to take into account when doing inflation forecasting exercises to Cape Verde's economy as well as when thinking about setting/defining exchange rate regimes. In this context, diversifying trading partners in Cape Verde is highly recommended as a way to reduce and dilute the Portuguese influence (as well as the role of external shocks) in the overall economy and price levels in Cape Verde.Originality/valueThe paper applies a well‐known economic phenomenon to the relationship between Portugal and one of its former colonies – Cape Verde. The analysis is of use to policy practioneers and to the country's Central Bank.

Este documento ofrece un novedoso conjunto de datos con medidas de la contraciclicidad de la política fiscal que son variantes en el tiempo, para un panel desbalanceado de economías avanzadas y emergentes desde 1980 hasta 2014. El uso de medidas fiscales contracíclicas que cambian en el tiempo, supera la principal limitación de los estudios existentes sobre la materia, que usualmente evalúan los determinantes y los efectos de la contraciclicidad fiscal basados en regresiones a través de países y, por lo tanto, no dan cuenta de los efectos específicos por país ni de los efectos globales. Los hallazgos más importantes del trabajo son los siguientes: (i) la contraciclicidad fiscal ha aumentado durante las últimas dos décadas en muchas economías; (ii) la contraciclicidad fiscal está asociada positivamente con la profundización financiera, el nivel de desarrollo económico, la apertura comercial, el tamaño del gobierno, así como con factores políticos; y (iii) la contraciclicidad fiscal reduce significativamente la volatilidad del producto. Nuestros resultados son robustos a varias especificaciones y verificaciones de endogeneidad. ; This paper provides a novel dataset of time-varying measures of fiscal counter-cyclicality for an unbalanced panel of advanced and emerging market economies from 1980 to 2014. The use of time-varying measures of fiscal counter-cyclicality overcomes the major limitation of existing studies assessing the determinants and the effects of fiscal countercyclicality that rely on cross-country regressions and, therefore, are not able to account for country-specific as well as global factors. The key findings of the paper are as follows: (i) fiscal counter-cyclicality has increased over time for many economies over the last two decades; (ii) fiscal counter-cyclicality is positively associated with financial deepening, the level of economic development, trade openness, government size as well as with political factors; (iii) fiscal counter-cyclicality significantly reduces output volatility. Our results are robust to various specifications and endogeneity checks.

Examining the increasingly relevant topic of public sector efficiency, this dynamic Handbook investigates the context of constrained fiscal space and public funding sources using cross-country datasets in areas including China, India and sub-Saharan Africa and OECD economies.

AbstractThis article explores short‐run determinants of the matching between labour demand and supply by identifying shifts in the Beveridge curves for 12 OECD countries between 2000Q1 and 2013Q4. Using three complementary methodologies (visual examination, cointegration techniques and non‐linear estimations), we find that labour force growth and employment protection legislation reduce the likelihood of outward shifts, and the higher the share of employees with intermediate levels of education and the long‐term unemployment, the more difficult the matching process. Active labour market policies (such as incentives for start‐ups or job‐sharing programmes) could facilitate matching, while passive policies (unemployment benefits or labour taxation) make matching significantly more difficult.

RésuméLes auteurs s'interrogent sur les politiques et facteurs qui influent sur la correspondance entre offre et demande de travail. Ils repèrent d'abord les déplacements de la courbe de Beveridge dans douze pays de l'OCDE (2000–2013) – avec trois méthodes complémentaires – avant de les expliquer avec un modèle à variable dépendante limitée. L'analyse montre que la croissance de la population active et la législation protectrice de l'emploi facilitent l'appariement, à l'inverse des qualifications moyennes et du chômage de longue durée. De même, l'effet favorable des politiques actives (partage d'emploi, aide à l'entrepreneuriat) contraste avec un effet nettement défavorable des politiques passives (allocations chômage, imposition du travail).

ResumenSe exploran los determinantes a corto plazo del emparejamiento entre oferta y demanda de trabajo identificando los desplazamientos de la curva de Beveridge en doce países de la OCDE entre el primer trimestre de 2000 y el cuarto trimestre de 2013. Mediante tres metodologías complementarias (examen visual, técnicas de cointegración y estimaciones no lineales), observamos que el crecimiento de la población activa, la legislación de protección del empleo y las políticas activas de mercado de trabajo (incentivos a la creación de empresas, programas de trabajo compartido) favorecen el emparejamiento, mientras que los niveles de instrucción intermedios, el desempleo de larga duración y las políticas pasivas (prestaciones por desempleo, fiscalidad del trabajo) lo dificultan.