It is conducted The analysis of the economic environment in which the operating Ukrainian SMEs , the strategic objectives of SMEs compared performance of businesses in the EU and Ukraine are investigated, the distribution of SMEs by economic activity is analyzed, it is concluded on the need to use different approaches to policy development of SMEs. ; Проведено аналіз економічного середовища, в якому здійснюють діяльність українські малі та середні підприємства, досліджено стратегічні цілі розвитку МСП, порівняно показники діяльності підприємств в ЄС та Україні, проаналізовано розподіл МСП за видами економічної діяльності, зроблено висновок о необхідності застосування різних підходів до формування політики розвитку МСП.
Висвітлено основні засади формування екомережі України. Розглянуто методику землевпорядного проектування землекористування структурних елементів екомережі на місцевому рівні. Викладено основні етапи та стадії проектування землекористування структурних елементів екомережі на території сільської ради.Ключові слова: землекористування, екологічна мережа, ландшафти, природокористування, ключові території. ; Land Management projecting of structural elements of land use of the ecological network on the territory of the village council begins with ecological and landscape micro zoning of the territory of village council, held during the preparatory work for the drafting of land and are finished by the formation of environmentally homogeneous regions, to which the system components of ecological network are tied, as well as environmental measures in the form of local environmental restrictions (encumbrances) in land usage and other natural resources. Additionally organization and territorial measures are projected that increase the ecological sustainability of the area: key, binders, buffer areas and renewable ecological network.The regional scheme of ecological network is intended for usage while projecting of creation of new territories that fall under special protection, for defining the tasks as for changing the category of land in the land use planning documents, for development of specifications regarding the reproduction of natural systems on conservation ready lands withdrawn from agricultural use, for accounting the problems of formation the areas of ecological network in forest management and land management projects, while development of the projects of areas organization of natural - reserve fund, in the definition of wetlands of international importance, in determining the habitats of various plants and animals of various categories of protection in accordance with international conventions and national laws - regulations, in planning targeted actions in the conservation of landscape and biological diversity.The main stages of designing local ecological network are:• inventory and identification of rights for land and other natural resources, drawing created territories and objects of natural reserve fund and other areas of natural systems on the planning and cartographic materials, which are under special protection;• rationale of creating additional territories and objects of nature preserves and other areas of valuable natural systems, which are under special protection as a key and defining the boundaries of renewable, buffer and connecting areas for the providing of the formation of the ecological network as a unified spatial system of ecological frame of conservation land using cartograms of agro-industrial groups of soils and terrain rural area (village) councils;• development of registers of territorial restrictions (encumbrances) in land use and other natural resources in the area and objects of nature preserves and other areas under special protection, recovery, binding and buffer areas of ecological network, as well as proposals for regime change of land use and use of other natural resources;• coordination with the General scheme and regional schemes of eco network about limits of areas of its components in adjacent areas, with Pan-European Ecological Network taking into account modern state, public and private interests, identifying promising areas to ensure conservation and rational management of landscapes and other natural systems, other objects and territories.According to the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management", there is not any particular type of documentation on land use, as for designing structural elements of econet, therefore there is a need in justification of features of such projecting and its legislative resolution. On the basis of land management projects on the formation of components of the ecological network in the context of rural councils it's possible to determine the boundaries of the restriction (encumbrances) zones, its area and draw their registry and regulations of land use to meet the requirements of rational land use and protection, preservation of natural diversity of landscapes, environment, maintaining ecological balance. Keywords: land use, ecological networks, landscapes, natural resources, the key area.
Розглянуто теоретико-методологічні засади проектування екомережі України в контексті розвитку природоохоронного землекористування. Викладено основні підходи до проектування землекористування структурних елементів екомережі, методику землевпорядного проектування землекористування структурних елементів екомережі на місцевому рівні.Ключові слова: землекористування, екологічна мережа, землевпорядне проектування, ключові території, ландшафт. ; In modern conditions of social development, changes in land eco-system of economic relations in Ukraine, the problem of providing conditions for the creation of sustainable land use and creation of protected areas get the status of special urgency. Ideology establishment of ecological networks became logical continuation of environmental thought in general.Considering the methodological approach to the establishment of ecological networks we can constitute, that it is an environmental frame of spatial infrastructure, land conservation and environmental areas, major part of land is the basis of the structural elements of ecological network.Designing an ecological network is made through developing regional schemes of Econet formation, regional and local schemes for establishing an ecological network areas, settlements and other areas.Land Management uses design of structural elements of the ecological network in the village council, as a rule, begins with ecological and landscape mikrozonationof the village council, held during the preparatory work for the land drafting and finishing the formation of environmentally homogeneous regions, which represents the tied system components of ecological network, environmental measures in the form of local environmental restrictions (encumbrances) to use land and other natural resources. Additionally, there are some project organization and territorial measures that increase the sustainability area, such as: key, binders, buffer areas and renewable ecological network.Land management projects on the formation of structural elements of ecological network as territorial restrictions (encumbrances) in land are used within the territories Councils determined the location and size of land:- Protection zones around especially valuable natural objects of cultural heritage, meteorological stations, etc. in order to protect them from adverse human impacts;- Protection zones along telecommunication lines, power, land transport, around industrial facilities to ensure normal conditions and reduce their impact on people and the environment, adjacent land and other natural objects;- Sanitary protection zones around facilities that are open and underground water sources, water intake and water treatment plants, water pipes, facilities and other recreational purposes, for their sanitary-epidemiological protection;- Buffer zones around facilities that are sources of harmful substances, odors, increased levels of noise, vibration, ultrasonic and electromagnetic waves, electronic fields, ionizing radiation, etc., to the separation of objects from residential buildings;- Areas of special treatment of land use;- Valuable land and other natural resources;- Areas that protect land from erosion, landslides, flooding, waterlogging, salinization, overroasting, seals, industrial waste pollution, chemical and radioactive substances and other adverse natural and anthropogenic processes;- Other limitations and encumbrances in land use by the legislation of Ukraine.Ultimately, the design of the structural elements of the ecological network is forming local areas as local environmental restrictions (encumbrances) to use land and other natural resources.Keywords: land use, ecological networks, land planning, the key area, landscapes.
The decision to cancel land economic assessment out of the land valuation works needs scientific substantiation and consideration of the world practice of its application.The research aims to study how the concept of "economic assessment" in used in the world practice, as well as analyzes its essence and performed tasks. The article supplies analysis of the legislative and regulatory problems of development of the economic assessment of land, land resources and land use as an important economic instrument of land relations regulation and territorial spatial development of land use in Ukraine. The research examines the thesaurus framework concerning public requests for the notions of "economic assessment of land", "economic assessment of land use", "economic assessment of land resources" and "economic assessment of natural resources", "land valuation", "land use valuation" and "land resources valuation". It is confirmed that the concepts of "economic assessment of land", "economic assessment of land resources", "economic assessment of natural resources" are less often used in the world practice as compared to such notion as "economic assessment of land use". However, in the world practice, the most widely used notion is "land use valuation", the second position is taken by "land resources valuation", whereas "land valuation" is rarely used. It is confirmed that the notion of "economic assessment" is up-to-date and is widely used in the developed market economies. In Ukraine, the concept of "economic assessment of land" is not quite correct. To activate scientific researches and to shape the legislative and regulatory supply for development of economic assessment of land and other natural resources, as well as land use, the work clears up the conceptual essence, which should be interpreted as a money expression of economic or social value of both economic and environmental assets, determined by natural peculiarities. Findings of the research confirm that economic assessment determines the value of land, land ...
During 1991-2018, the foundations of a new land system and, accordingly, new land relations and a system of market-oriented land use, especially in agriculture, were created inUkraine. It is characterized by the following: a new legislative and regulatory framework, a variety of ownership forms of land and of other natural resources, multi-layered and paid land use, providing the population with land plots, the creation of a market-oriented system of state land cadastre was initiated, including registration of land plots and rights to them. At the same time, especially in the last 14 years, the positive tendencies in land transformations have not gained their development, but on the contrary, the extremely negative results of unreasonable land policy have become apparent. This was manifested in the organizational confusion in the management of land resources and land use (in particular, in the frequent change of names and heads of the State Committee of Ukraine for Land Resources and its territorial bodies (Derzhzemagentstva, Derzhgiokadastru), lack of a complete system of legislative and regulatory framework provided by the Land Code of Ukraine (2001) and state standards, norms and rules in the field of land management, land protection, sustainable land use, state program of land relations and land use systems, growing money land allocation, corruption in the land sector, which manifests itself in the provision of land, low economic efficiency of the use of the potential of land and other natural resources, the full uncertainty of land use of natural monopolies, in particular agricultural holdings in agriculture, the cessation of land management, land management and land protection, soil and geo-botanical surveys.Such status in the field of land relations and in the field of use and protection of land, we relate primarily to the unprofessional, unskilled, non-systematic implementation of measures of land reform, which is confirmed by the research carried out in the monograph under the general reference A.M. Thretiak "TRENDS AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF LAND REFORM IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF LIFE-BEING QUALITY AND SAFETY OF POPULATION".The socio-economic and ecological results of the land reform inUkraineare presented which are not characterized by unambiguousness. In particular, a positive factor in the socio-economic aspect during this period is the transfer of private property to citizens by almost 52% of the land from the country's land. At the same time, in the economic aspect, the level of utilization of agricultural land potential: in 2016 (with a grain yield potential of -50 centners per hectare), it was only 92.2%, and the level of land use in agriculture for gross production: in agricultural enterprises - 76, 2% by 1990, in households - 134.9% by 1990; in the ecological aspect, the ecological stability of land use, which declined to 97.6% compared to 1990 and is characterized as stable unsustainable; in the legal aspect, the level of security of the guarantee of rights to land ownership and doing business, which amounted to 46% of the required security by 2016. This situation does not allow for the cancellation of the moratorium on the purchase and sale of land plots owned by land owners (shares).Keywords. Land reform, land relations, land management, land cadastre, land market. ; Приведено соціально-економічні та екологічні підсумки результатів земельної реформи в Україні які характеризуються не однозначністю. Зокрема, позитивною за цей період є в соціально-економічному аспекті, передача у приватну власність громадянам майже 52 % земель від площі країни. Разом з тим, в економічному аспекті рівнем використання потенціалу сільськогосподарських земель: у 2016 році (при потенціалі урожайності зернових –50 ц/га) склав тільки 92,2 % та рівнем використання земель в сільському господарстві за валовою продукцією: у сільськогосподарських підприємствах – 76,2 % у порівнянні до 1990 року, у господарствах населення – 134,9% у порівнянні до 1990 року; в екологічному аспекті екологічною стабільністю землекористування яка знизилася до 97,6 % в порівнянні із 1990 роком і характеризується як стабільно нестійка; в правовому аспекті рівнем безпеки гарантування прав власності на землю та ведення бізнесу який складав станом на 2016 рік 46 % необхідного забезпечення. Такий стан не дозволяє здійснити зняття мораторію на купівлю-продаж земельних ділянок власників земельних часток (паїв).Ключові слова: земельна реформа, земельні відносини, землеустрій, земельний кадастр, земельний ринок.
During the implementation of land reform in independent Ukraine land system changed twice. Today, due to the decentralization of power is his search for a new model for the future, as outlined in this study. Also note that when we formulated the concept refers to the land system - land system, ie a set of measures for the territorial organization of land and other natural resources, land relations, defined system of ownership and use of land, as well as the principles of the territory. In order to put scientifically based proposals improving the organization and functioning of an effective system of land versatile conceptual model of land system of Ukraine, which includes four functional blocks, namely:1) land system for natural and economic zoning (zoning); 2) land system for administrative-territorial division; 3) land structure by ownership of land; 4) land structure on the forms and methods of land use (types (subtypes) of land).Proved that: 1) constitutional definition of administrative-territorial division of Ukraine and strengthening forms of land ownership - private, communal and public, with subsequent legal registration in the Land Code of Ukraine (2001) resulted in the elimination territory of village, town and city councils as the basic foundations Business and financial stability of local communities. Not conducting land works on delimitation of state and municipal property (as of 01.01. 2017 communal lands account for 0.5% of the total area of the country in predictable areas 25-28%) and deprivation in 2012. councils powers to manage state-owned land within settlements, along with the elimination of area councils, led to corresponding changes in land structure of Ukraine and elimination of local communities and land-management pryrodokorystu¬vannyam that had a negative impact on quality of life and Security EKU population for sustainable development forms of land use in rural areas.2) The system of conceptual positions and measures on administrative-territorial reform and the creation of an effective system versatile land and sustainable land use inUkrainein the future should be based on the proposed model of land system ofUkraine.3) Reconciliation measures of reform the land system ofUkraineand the administrative-territorial caused minor actual results of the latter and non potential of land and other natural resources of local communities in their territories (used only in agriculture by 39% and in other areas of 1 to 50%).Keywords. Land system, administrative-territorial system, form of land ownership, form of land use, model of new land system ; Обґрунтовано нову концептуальну модель земельного устрою в Україні, яка повинна реалізовуватися для підвищення ефективності адміністративно-територіальної реформи і використання потенціалу землі та інших природних ресурсів території. Ключові слова. Земельний устрій, адміністративно-територіальний устрій, форми власності на землю, форми землекористування,модель нового земельного устрою.
Україна стоїть на черговому етапі завершення земельної реформи. Попри це, з прийняттям незалежності в країні ще досі залишається безліч невирішених та дискусійних земельних, екологічних, водних, містобудівних питань, які потребують додаткового втручання з боку держави. Не завершеність земельної реформи, а саме деяких її важливих питань, одним із яких є формування землекористування в межах водоохоронних зон та прибережних захисних смуг міст створює негативне екологічне середовище. А також соціальну напругу життєдіяльності населення, особливо для міського землекористування. Оскільки, той факт, що забудова у межах водоохоронних зон, прибережних захисних смугах міст продовжується, не зважаючи на законодавчу заборону. Крім того, обмеження у використанні земель та інших природних ресурсів, що перебувають на цій території, також не сформовані. Тобто, просторове їх розміщення має величезний вплив не тільки на екологічні, земельні та водні відносини, а й загалом на економічні, соціальні та правові (гарантування прав). В результаті дослідження було використано дані із публічної кадастрової карти Державної служби України з питань геодезії, картографування та кадастру та витяг із схеми планувальних обмежень Генерального плану м. Київ. Інформаційною базою дослідження стали законодавчі та нормативно-правові акти України щодо регулювання земле-, водо- та природокористування, наукові праці світових і вітчизняних учених, матеріали науково-практичних конференцій. В результаті авторами було встановлено особливість формування землекористування в межах водоохоронних зон та прибережних захисних та берегових смуг міста Києва. Суть землекористування в межах таких зон (смуг) полягає у тому, що воно як екосистема об'єднує декілька земельних ділянок різного цільового призначення та функціонального використання. Крім того, міське землекористування в межах водоохоронних зон, прибережних захисних та берегових смуг, крім екологічних, правових, соціальних, земельних відносин включає і економічні й водні відносини, що є немало важливим аспектом при ефективному регулюванні такого землекористування. Саме зазначеним обумовлений вибір дослідити особливості формування міського землекористування в межах водоохоронних зон та прибережних захисних і берегових смуг. Для того, щоб забезпечити через землевпорядно-правове врегулювання міського землекористування в межах зон (смуг) для підвищення ефективності його капіталізації та екологізації.Ключові слова: міськеземлекористування, водні об'єкти, водоохоронні зони, прибережні захисні смуги, берегові смуги, власність на землю ; Annotation. Ukraine is at the next stage in completing land reform. Despite that, country gained independence, and still there are many unresolved and controversial land, environmental, water, urban development issues requiring additional state intervention. Incompleteness of land reform, in particularly some of the most important issues, one of which is the formation of land use within the water protection zones and coastal protection zones of cities, creates a negative ecological environment. And likewise, social tension in vital activity of population, especially for urban land use. In despite of the legislative ban, the construction within the water protection zones, coastal protection zones of cities continues. In addition, restrictions on the use of land and other natural resources located in this territory are also not formed. That is, their spatial placement has a huge impact not only on environmental, land and water relations, but also on economic, social and legal (rights guarantee).As a result of the study, was used data from the public cadastral map of the State Service of Ukraine for geodesy, cartography and cadastre, and an extract from the planning restrictions scheme of the General Plan of Kyiv. The information base for the study was the legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine regarding the regulation of land, water and nature management, scientific works of world and domestic scientists, materials of scientific and practical conferences.As a result, the authors established formation features of land use within the water protection zones and coastal protection and coastal stripes of the city of Kiev. The essence of land use within such zones (strips) consist in the fact, that is as an ecosystem, combines several steeds of different purpose and functional use. In addition, urban land use within water protection zones, coastal protection zones and coastal strips, except environmental, legal, social, land relations, includes economic and water relations, which appears to be an important aspects in the effective regulation of such land use. Due to that, the choice was made to study formation features of urban land use within water protection zones and coastal protection and coastal strips. In order to ensure through land management and legal regulation of urban land use within the zones (strips) to increase the efficiency of its capitalization and greening.Keywords: urban land use, water bodies, water protection zones, coastal protection strips, coastal strips, land ownership.
The article analyses the state of the most popular and least popular professions and specialties in Ukraine. It's found that there are no specialties in the field of land management among them. It is also noted that at the legislative level the specialties "Land Management and Cadastre" and "Evaluation of land and real estate" were replaced by the specialty "Geodesy and land management", which belongs to the field of knowledge "Architecture and construction" (technical sciences). It is substantiated that the profession of land manager should relate to the field of knowledge of "Social and behavioural sciences". It's based on the provisions of the Law "On Land Management" and the study of world experience of the essence of the concepts of land management and land management planning (both have technical, socio-economic, legal and environmental focus).It is proved that the profession of land manager needs to be reprofiled. In this regard, there is a need to identify new specialties and specializations and add them into the state classifier DK 003: 2010. It's important to expand the training of specialists within: 1) specialty 193 "Geodesy and land management" specializations "Land Management and Land Use Administration" and "Cadastral Registrar"; 2) specialty 101 "Ecology" specialization "Land management and ecologization of landuse", 3) specialty 051 "Economics" specialization "Economics of land management and land use". It is proposed to add them to the classifier.Keywords. Profession "land manager", labour market, perspective specialties and specializations in land management, new qualifications. Formulation of the problem. The development of society at all times was associated with the arrangement of lands, which today remains the main means for the existence of mankind and a source of social wealth. The need to establish the limits disturb landowners from ancient times. This function is performed by land surveyors. When the first representatives of this profession appeared, it is certainly not known. But the land surveyor is now a profession demanded both in the village and in the city. In our country, the profession of land surveyor always respects honour because it is devoted to the invaluable treasures of Ukraine - land, which has always attached special significance.According to the research conducted in Ukraine, soon, the 10 most demanded professions include: programmers (C++, Java), food industry technologists, construction engineers, architects, designers of offices and interiors, personnel managers, recruiters, energy engineers, journalists, technologists of light industry products, financiers (specialization "banking") [1]. In addition, prospective include: hotel business managers, accountants, auditors, lawyers, marketers.According to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, according to the results of the 2017 admission, the most popular specialties among the entrants for the Bachelor in Ukraine were Philology, Law, and Management. 85 thousand, 74 thousand and 59 thousand applications have been filed for the stated above specialties respectively. In addition, among the leaders are "Medicine", "Computer Science", "Tourism", "Secondary Education", "Psychology", "Economics". These specialties were desirable to enter by 40 to 46 thousand of entrants. The last step in the TOP-10 was "Software Engineering" with the result of 33 thousand applications (Fig. 1) [9]. Despite the stated above facts, it has been revealed that such specialties as "Law", "Management", "Tourism" and "Economics" remain among the most popular among entrants even though they are not in demand in the labour market. At the same time, the high levels in the ranking are occupied by important for the economy specialties, such as "Computer Science" and "Software Engineering". The least popular specialties are (fig. 2) "Theology" (185 applications excluding spiritual higher educational institutions) and "Hydropower" (193 applications for entry).However, specialties for the preparation of a specialist in land management are absent among the most and least popular. Therefore, with a caution we have to perceive the situation.The list of required occupations in the labour market is changing. Focus magazine has ranked the professions that will be promising in 5-10 years [10]. Before allocating the most promising specialties, the publication together with experts identified the areas of the economy that will actively develop in the near future. So, at first there was a list of 40 spheres of the economy, which, according to Focus, will successfully develop in the next 5-10 years. Experts evaluated the prospects for the development of these industries on a 10-point scale, giving each sector a mark from 1 to 10 points. At the same time, each expert could add to the list the industry that was not among the 40 listed, but whose potential he considers rather large.According to the obtained data, the rating of 15 most promising industries has been designed, and include: information technologies, telecommunications and communications, agriculture, pharmaceutical production and pharmacy business, banking, frying and processing industry, transport services, financial services, legal services, household services, metallurgy, alcohol production, energy, livestock, utilities.So, the 20 most promising professions of the next decade will be the following: the seller, the IT specialist, the automation engineer, the marketer, the municipal services engineer, the aeroengineer, the technologist in the production and processing of food products, the technologist of consumer services, logistics, the lawyer (economic and land law), power engineer veterinarian, pharmacologist, financier, communication engineer, practical psychologist, geneticist, biochemist, robotic technician, nanoengineer.In addition, agrarian countries are actively developing organic and farm farming. This will require the involvement of a large number of employees who are able to work on the ground - and thus, forms a serious niche. In general, the labour market trends in the coming years can be reduced to nine main directions [5]: engineers, IT specialists, nanotechnology specialists, marketers, service providers, logistics, environmentalists, chemists, and physicians.The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated December 30, 2015, No. 1187, approved new Licensing conditions for the conduct of educational activities [7] concerning the further conduct of educational and scientific work in educational institutions. By the order of the Ministry of Education and Science dated November 6, 2015, No. 1151 "On the peculiarities of the introduction of the list of branches of knowledge and specialties [6], which are the training of applicants for higher education, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from April 29, 2015, No. 266" [8] approved Table of correspondence List of directions for training of specialists in higher educational establishments for the educational-qualifying level of bachelor (List 1), List of specialties, which was carried out training of specialists in higher education institutions for educational and qualification levels of a specialist and a master's degree (List 2).In the stated above Resolution, it is defined that instead of the specialties "Land Management and Cadastre" and "Land and Real Estate Valuation" – the specialty "Geodesy and Land Management" is established. The latter belongs to the field of knowledge "Architecture and Construction", which belongs to the technical sciences.At the same time, the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management" stipulates that land management is a set of socio-economic and environmental measures aimed at regulating land relations and rational organization of the territory of administrative-territorial units, economic entities carried out under the influence of social and productive relations and development of productive forces [2]. The same law (Article 1) stipulates that activities in the field of land management are the scientific, technical, production and management activities of state authorities, local governments, legal entities and individuals, which is carried out under land management. Land-use documentation (land management documentation) is the text and graphic materials approved in accordance with the established procedure, which regulate the use and protection of lands of state, communal and private property, as well as survey and land survey materials, author's supervision of project implementation, etc. Measures on land management – provided by documentation on land management on the rational use and protection of land, the formation and organization of the territory of the object of land management, taking into account their purpose, restrictions on the use and restrictions (encumbrances) on the rights of other persons (land servitudes), preservation and increase of fertility soils.This is evidence that the profession of land surveyor is more likely to belong to the field of knowledge of "Social and behavioural sciences" than to "Architecture and construction". Architecture (Greek αρχιτεκτονικη - construction) is both a science and the art of designing buildings, as well as a system of buildings and structures that form a spatial environment for the lives and activities of people in accordance with the laws of beauty. Land management, as stated in the Law of Ukraine "On Land Management" – a set of socio-economic and environmental measures aimed at regulating land relations and rational organization of the territory of administrative-territorial entities and economic entities on the ground.As the research of A.M. Tretiak and V.M. Tretiak shows, the concept and essence of land management has both a technical direction and socio-economic, legal and environmental.Land managers have worked and work in the structural subdivisions of the State Committee for Land Resources of Ukraine, the State Land Agency of Ukraine and the State Audit Office of Ukraine, state authorities and local self-government bodies, and ministries (where there are departments of land resources); in public and private design and valuation companies, real estate firms, agroholdings, agricultural enterprises; territorial communities, scientific institutions, institutions of legal direction. civic organizations.The land manager learns not only his professional knowledge, but also legal and natural sciences. For a profession it is necessary to have mathematical abilities, engineering approach, spatial imagination, ability to understand the legislation. The profession is extremely interesting and creative, which requires the ability to make informed decisions, communicate with people, requires care, clarity and responsibility. To become a successful specialist in this field, you need to be persistent, self-confident, active, have a well-developed intuition and logical thinking.According to the classification of professions, the professional activity of the land manager relates to professions such as "human-nature". To date, the land manager must have a higher education in the field of "Architecture and Construction" from the specialty "Geodesy and Land Management", according to the educational qualification level: a junior specialist, a bachelor's or a master's degree.Currently, land managers use modern equipment in their work: electronic instruments; new technologies of geographic information systems. Significant problems arise when making managerial decisions due to the imperfection of the regulatory framework - when three different land managers can have three different views on the same issue. At the same time, for professionals it is extremely important to come to a joint decision. But how can the problems of legislation be explained to an ordinary peasant? It's a shame when you can not help a person in solving his question, and even more - when you do not know how to explain the impossibility of solving a particular problem. The disadvantage of the profession is also that there is little free time for personal life, family and wage mismatch in modern times. The advantages include: work is interesting, lots of communication, new knowledge in land law, and more.At the same time, we consider it necessary to stay on the proposals of A. Martyn outlined in the scientific paper "Directions of adaptation of the content of land management education to the needs of the national and world economy" [3], where he publishes "bad news" for land management education – whether we are ready for them? He states: "Most of our graduates will not develop landuse documentation at all; the number of jobs in the industry is quite limited; the overwhelming part of the "modern" Ukrainian land management is a terrible mix of fairly archaic rules, a crazy bureaucracy and meaningless rituals, in order to master the development of primitive land management documentation, it takes 2-3 weeks of practical training, but not 5 years at the university, and a significant part of cadastral registrar are lawyers.Some of these reservations agreeable. Therefore, his thoughts emphasize once again the need for serious changes in the training of land management specialists.Thus, all of the above stipulates the need for changes in the classification of occupations DK 003: 2010 and the definition of new specialties and specialization training of land management specialists.In our opinion, it is expedient to extend the training of specialists in land surveying in the following areas: 1) specialty 193 "Geodesy and land management" of the specializations "Land Management and Land Use Administration" and "Cadastral Registrar"; 2) specialty 101 "Ecology" specialization "Land management and ecologization of land use"; 3) specialty 051 "Economics" specialization "Economics of land management and land use".At the same time, we consider it expedient to add the following qualifications to the classifier of professions DK 003: 2010: in section 8 "Main specialists – heads of scientific research units and subdivisions on scientific and technical preparation of production and other managers" – Chief land surveyor; in section 14 "Managers of enterprises, institutions, organizations and their subdivisions" – Manager of land management, Manager in the field of operations with land, Manager in the field of research in the land market; in section 25 "Agronomists, hydraulic engineering, forest managers and professionals of related professions" – Land manager; in section 33 "Assistant veterinarians, junior specialists in agronomy, forestry, water management and nature conservation" – Land Resources Inspector; in section 34 "Other technical specialists in the field of management" – State Inspector for the use and protection of land; in section 249 "Professionals not included in other classification groups". Land manager-ecologist, Land manager-designer.Conclusions.Summing up, we note that the assignment of the specialty "Geodesy and land management" to the field of knowledge "Architecture and Construction" (engineering science) does not comply with the provisions of the Law "On Land Management", the study of world experience of the essence of the concepts of land management, which determined that they are inherent in technical, as well as socio-economic, legal and environmental trends. In this connection it is proved that the profession of land manager belongs to the field of knowledge of "Social and behavioral sciences".In view of this, the need for re-engineering the directions of land management training is urgent. Therefore, we must work ahead and make changes to the classification of professions DK 003: 2010 regarding the definition of new specialties and specialization training of specialists in land management. We consider it expedient to expand the training of specialists within: 1) specialty 193 "Geodesy and land management" of the specialties "Land Management and Land Use Administration" and "Cadastral Registrar"; 2) specialty 101 "Ecology" specialization "Land management and ecologization of land use"; 3) specialty 051 "Economics" specialization "Economics of land management and land use" (qualification "Land Management Manager"). It is proposed to make changes to the list of qualifications. ; У пропонованій статті проаналізовано стан найзатребуваніших і найменш популярних професій, спеціальностей в Україні та виявлено, що спеціальності для підготовки фахівців землевпорядного профілю серед них відсутні. Також відзначено, що на законодавчому рівні спеціальності «Землеустрій та кадастр», «Оцінка землі та нерухомого майна» з підготовки зазначених фахівців замінено на спеціальність «Геодезія та землеустрій», яку віднесено до галузі знань «Архітектура та будівництво» (технічні науки). Обґрунтовано, що професія землевпорядника має відноситись до галузі знань «Соціальних та поведінкових наук», підставою чого слугували положення ЗУ «Про землеустрій» та дослідження світового досвіду сутності понять землеустрою і землевпорядкування (мають як технічне, так і соціально-економічне, правове й екологічне спрямування). Доведено, що професія землевпорядника потребує перепрофілювання. У цьому зв'язку існує необхідність у визначенні нових спеціальностей і спеціалізацій та внесенні їх до класифікатора професій ДК 003:2010. Вказано на доцільність розширення підготовки фахівців в межах: 1) спеціальності 193 «Геодезія та землеустрій» спеціалізацій «Землеустрій та адміністрування землекористування» і «Кадастровий реєстратор»; 2) спеціальності 101 «Екологія» спеціалізації «Землевпорядкування та екологізація землекористування», 3) спеціальності 051 «Економіка» спеціалізації «Економіка землевпорядкування та землекористування». Запропоновано внести до класифікатора й перелік нових кваліфікацій.Ключові слова. Професія «землевпорядник», ринок праці, перспективні спеціальності та спеціалізації у сфері землевпорядкування,нові кваліфікації.
Territorial planning now is one of the essential attributes of management activities developed countries. The modern system of planning land- use in Ukraine now is not formed and balanced and does not provide positive results in achieving its high economic efficiency and environmental safety. Territorial planning of land use wasn't needed by system of state and municipal administration because there are problems in the territorial land management which are related with insufficient compliance current needs of sustainable development. If planning of development in the cities (towns) is developed and makes of base planning documentation (general plans) then the area of land ownership and land use outside towns isn't covered completely creation of land documents. In Ukraine in most scientific research view separate aspects of influence territorial use of planning the spatial organization of economic activities of local communities. For the new community situation in use land and natural resources became difficult, first of all through:-underestimation of the complexity and specificity of land reform during land and economic reforms in Ukraine;- local community hasn't full information about rights to land and other natural resources, their potential use and protection of the state;- incompetence of system solving problems of land reform in the local councils, for example : remove communities from order of land in their territories, lands of state and municipal property aren't separated, land reform and land tenure systems, especially in agriculture are incomplete;- unsatisfactory legal and information support and protection of property rights of villagers to land and other natural resources;- ignoring the problems of putting into economic turnover of land as a capital resource and integrated approach to village territories in development the transformation of land relations, absence of a balanced state land politics of planning of land use and land management with local communities and mechanisms of its implementation;- lack of consistent state politics for the integrated development of land legislation, conduct and financing of state and municipal land management and land cadastre, formation of investment-attractive land-use;- very poor information infrastructure of the land market and the lack of a balanced public politics formation and development of the non-agricultural land and agricultural use;- lack of information ensuring for rural population about questions of opportunities for use of land and other natural resources in their territories in market conditions; This can be realised through the Program use and protection of land and natural resources in the community. As a result of their realization we can get:- increase the investment attractiveness and efficiency of use potential of land and other natural resources, environmental security of land tenure;- rationalization (optimization) of land use and creation of investment-attractive and sustainable land-use;- improving the efficiency of land lease, especially in the agricultural and recreational facilities;- increase revenues from payments for land and other natural resources to local budgets. Keywords: Territorial planning development of land use, territorial planning, united local community, problems of contemporary land-use. ; Доведено, що інститути земельних відносин, в даний час в Україні, мало сформовані. Обґрунтовано основні завдання та напрями територіального планування, що повинні вирішуватися в місцевих програмах розвитку землекористування, як первинного планувального документа на місцевому рівні. Ключові слова. Територіальне планування розвитку землекористування, територіальне планування, об'єднана територіальна громада, проблематика сучасного землекористування.
Analysis of the pilot project of the comprehensive plan for spatial development of the territory of Pisochyn territorial community showed that failure of incorporate the requirements of land legislation in the context of the formation of sustainable (balanced) land use does not improve environmental stability and capitalization of land use as components of its sustainability. It was proposed to make changes and additions to the legislation of Ukraine on components, structure and content of the comprehensive plan for spatial development of the territories of territorial communities, zoning of lands outside the settlements which differs significantly from urban planned, especially the categories of agricultural lands, nature reserves and nature protection lands and defense lands.Improving the components, structure and content of the comprehensive plan for spatial development of land use of the territories of territorial communities based on European experience will reduce the cost of its development by 2-3 times. This is especially important considering that the state budget includes 187, 7 million UAH of subventions for the development of 150 comprehensive plans for spatial development of the territories of territorial communities in 2022(or 1, 25 million UAH for 1 project). Prospects for further explorations consist in researching areas for improvement of components, structure and content of the comprehensive plan for spatial development of land use of the territories of territorial communities, especially about zoning of lands outside the settlements which significantly differs from urban zoning. Key words: comprehensive plan for spatial development of territory of communities, environmental stability, capitalization of land use. ; Аналіз пілотного проекту Комплексного плану просторового розвитку території Пісочинської територіальної громади показав, що не врахування вимог земельного законодавства у контексті формування сталого (збалансованого) землекористування, не покращує екологічну стабільність та ...
