Suchergebnisse

AbstractRegional imbalances in India can be attributed to the lack of a sustainable urban system. This paper highlights large‐city‐centric urbanization in India, considering the fact that 70% of the urban population lived in class I (with 0.1 million population and more) cities in 2011. The reviews of past and present urban development policies suggest that these are more biased towards large cities than small towns. In this context, this paper proposes a new methodology based on population growth rate, selecting 125 small towns for future urban development in India. To assess the impact of infrastructure on the growth of small towns, we calculate the Infrastructure Index. Our research has revealed that infrastructure, economic, environmental, historical, and administrative factors have a strong positive impact on the population growth rate of small towns. The results also show that towns located within a radius of 52 km from a class I city have a higher population growth rate and are important for sustainable urbanization in India. Our findings suggest that the development of small towns is important for reducing regional inequalities, growth of surrounding rural areas of a town, reducing pressure on large cities, and encouraging non‐farming activities for sustainable urbanization and achieving higher economic development.

The present paper estimates the Regression based inequality decomposition for the years 2004-05 and 2011-12.The decomposition based regression analysis finds that household size, level of education, share of workers engaged in less productive jobs (such as, casual labour and agricultural worker), regular salary earning member of a household, higher level of land possessed by the households, and households having hired dwelling unit are responsible for the maximum share of inequality in the total inequality of the average monthly per capita expenditure (MPCE) and predicted MPCE in the both urban and rural areas.

This article measures the overall inclusive growth of a city by considering changing trends in key economic variables (that is, poverty, inequality, economic growth, education, employment, unemployment and the standard of living index) based on the 'Borda ranking' and establishes a relationship between city economic growth and overall city inclusive growth. Based on data for 52 large cities in India, this article finds that higher urban economic growth is associated with an increase in the growth rate of urban inequality, a reduction in the growth rate of urban poverty and a lower level of overall inclusive growth of a city, that is, urban economic growth is not inclusive.JEL Classifications: R11, D63, O15

The book discusses how division affect the fabric of cities, and people's sense of identity and agency, and are reflected in physical features, architecture, and urban planning. The question of divided cities represents a complex and multistranded urban Ecology-at once both social and spatial; it cannot be limited to a single science or discipline, such as social or spatial fields. This suggests integrated and cross- disciplinary understandings, as well as integrated or parallel approaches and solutions. Urban ecologies of division manifest in multiple forms. One of their most palpable expressions is conflict, with parallels around the world, and often with correlations in the spatial fabric. Violence in such contexts is often a surface expression of deeper socio-economic or ideological differences. Whether as a result of intervention by authority or by dissent between groups, a divided city inevitably becomes a place of conflict in various forms and intensity, eroding the joy of living and sense of collective belonging to the detriment of all. In effect, it erodes the collective advantage of being part of a more unified society. A city exists in collections of social structures which mutually form a society. A divided city implies divided social structures and, in consequence, a divided society. The papers compiled in this book present many case studies of divided cities, discussing the different causes of divisions and their effects on societies. Some of the causes can be linked to conflicts, wars, colonialism, or legislative political systems. In response to the serious challenges resulting from these divisions, the book aims to provide opportunities for new approaches and possibilities for new interventions and solutions, making it significant to urban planners, architects, and policymakers

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to assess how internal and external complementarity linkages are responsible for the emergence of new specialization industries in the context of Russian regions in the period from 2005 to 2015, taking into account other factors that are significant for the emergence of such industries. The internal complementary linkages are measured by the share of new specialization industries related to existing specialization industries in the same region. External complementarity linkages are measured by the share of new specialization industries related to existing specialization industries in neighboring regions. Our data show that internal and external complementarity linkages have a strong positive effect on the emergence of new specialization industries, with a greater effect had by external ones. The number of specialization industries, the number of employees, market potential, gross domestic expenditure on research and development (R&D), domestic patent applications, working population with a higher education, and the distance from the administrative center of a region to the nearest million‐plus city also influence the emergence of new specialization industries, while gross regional product (GRP) per worker, the share of companies using the internet, and special economic zones do not. In addition, we assess the models that predict beginning of the process of diversification in a region. Finally, some policy measures are suggested for the creation of new specialization industries for Russia.