Suchergebnisse

The question of studying the essence of conflict as a process in the context of modern political studies raises the question of applying a new method – an interdisciplinary one based on the synthesis of paradigms and approaches. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the conflict in this region in the light of the relevance of assessing support strategies in regions with political and military instability in Africa. The purpose of this study is to consider the essential parameters of the conflict process in the DRC, this conflict process is constitutional and one of the bloodiest in the history of independent African states, complicated by a huge number of participants in the conflict at different stages. It is also necessary to analyze the role of the so-called managers in the conflict in the context of the essential transition and political transformation of the Congo after 1960 and the acquisition of formal independence against the background of the continuing expansion of Western corporations into the economic sector of the DRC. The main problem to solve was the need to assess the procedure for resolving conflict contradictions in the DRC and the possibility of reducing the presence of a violent component in the interaction, and the role of socio-political institutions of society that could favorably act as institutions for peace-building and peace enforcement, with the activities of MONUC and the UN as a whole not losing relevance. The main result of the research is the development of the concept of conflict resolution in the DRC, based on the theory of social conflict by R. Darendorf. The author comes to the conclusion that the reduction of violence in the conflict in the DRC and the settlement of the conflict in this region are possible only with proper methodological and theoretical support for the peace-building process. The author also emphasizes the importance of increasing the pace of development of the army and police in the DRC, the importance of the influence of international actors in resolving the conflict through authority, and not through direct intervention in the conflict.

The article highlights the problems encountered in sociological research, the customer is State authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation. Also the article discusses the methods of picking the participants of placing the order as an open electronic auction, open tender, quoted bid. The article contents comparative analysis of given methods, considers their benefits and limitations, touches on the practical questions associated with the funtioning one or the other method.

A collection of papers presented at the NATO ASI conference Transdisciplinary Information Sharing for Decision-Making against Biological Threats. It highlights strategic enablers such as cross-disciplinary information sharing, international outreach and partner activities, public diplomacy and strategic communication.

Grave 1196 with a child's burial of the first half of the 2nd century AD was examined on the territory of the Late Scythian Ust'-Alma necropolis (Crimea) in 2019. In this grave, along with red-slip pottery, beads and items of utilitarian purpose, there were objects thought to be amulets. Among them, details of Roman bronze inkwells were found, similar to those that were widely distributed in the territory of the Roman Empire in the last third of the 1st — first half of the 2nd century AD. Earlier, another object was found in the Ust'-Alma necropolis, which could also be a part of an inkwell. It is possible that these items got into the graves in the form of individual parts turned into pendants.

Bacteria are a sensitive indicator of the state of the soil contaminated with oil and oil products. After the intro-duction of ameliorants, the oil content in the soil changes, which affects the number of bacteria. The aim is to estimate the number of bacteria in petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated Haplic Chernozem after amelioration. Biochar, sodium humate, nitroammophos, and microbiological fertilizer «Baikal EM-1» were added to petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated Haplic Chernozem (5% petroleum hydrocarbons by weight of soil). After 90 days of the experiment, the number of bacteria in the soil was estimated by the total number of bacteria, determined by the method of luminescent microscopy, the number of actinomycetes, amylolytic and ammonifying bacteria, determined by the method of inoculation on solid nutrient media. The integral indicator of the number of bacteria (IINB) of the soil was calculated before and after the application of ameliorants. When introducing biochar, it is possible to use the total number of bacteria to assess the ecological state of the soil, with nitroammophoska — the number of ammonifying bacteria, sodium humate — the number of actinomycetes, «Baikal EM-1» — the number of amylolytic bacteria. According to the IINB of soils, the most effective dose for remediation with nitroammo-phoska, biochar, and Baikal EM-1 is D0.5, and for remediation with sodium humate, D2. It is advisable to use the results of the study in biodiagnostics and monitoring the state of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated Haplic Chernozem after amelioration.

В статье раскрывается современное состояние отношения взрослого населения Красноярского края к представителям других национальностей и иностранным трудовым мигрантам. Выводы сделаны на основании результатов социологических исследований в Красноярском крае в 2015-2016 гг. В пяти исследованиях опрошено 6000 респондентов, репрезентирующих взрослое население Красноярского края по критериям возраста, пола, территориального размещения. Полученные данные обработаны методами описательной статистики, количественного контент-анализа и факторного анализа. Результаты исследований указывают на разнонаправленные тенденции, характеризующие отношение взрослого населения Красноярского края к представителям других национальностей и иностранным трудовым мигрантам. С одной стороны, прослеживается тенденция повышения уровня толерантного отношения жителей к представителям других национальностей и улучшения ситуации в межнациональных отношениях, с другой стороны зафиксированы признаки роста мигрантофобии. Так, большинство взрослого населения Красноярского края не воспринимают представителей других национальностей враждебно и выражают толерантное отношение к ним. Полученные ответы свидетельствуют о снижении межнациональной напряженности и снижении вероятности возникновения конфликтов на межнациональной почве в Красноярском крае. В то же время в массовом сознании населения фиксируется тенденция негативного восприятия иностранных трудовых мигрантов, преимущественно из стран Центральной Азии и Закавказья. Получает распространение мнение о преобладании вреда от иностранных трудовых мигрантов над их пользой для Красноярского региона. При этом связь негативного отношения к мигрантам с их восприятием взрослым населением края как своих конкурентов на рынке труда не прослеживается. Во второй части статьи дана характеристика деятельности институтов власти, науки и образования, гражданского общества по формированию и развитию условий для интеграции и адаптации представителей различных национальностей и иностранных трудовых мигрантов в социум Красноярского края. Описана практика комплексного подхода к решению задач укрепления единства сибирского социума, гармонизации межэтнических и миграционных отношений. ; This article analyses the attitude of the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Krai to other nationalities and migrant workers on the basis of the results of research carried out in the Krasnoyarsk Krai in 2015-2016. We performed five surveys in accordance with the criteria of age, gender, and territorial distribution within which we interviewed 6,000 respondents who represented the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. To the data obtained, we applied the methods of descriptive statistics, quantitative content analysis and factor analysis. The results of the analysis indicate mixed trends in the attitude of the Krasnoyarsk Krai's adult population to other nationalities and migrant workers. On the one hand, there is an increase in the level of the population's tolerance towards representatives of other nationalities, and a tendency towards improving interethnic relations; on the other hand, we register an increase in xenophobia towards migrants. Thus, most of the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Krai show few signs of hostility towards representatives of other nationalities, and generally have a tolerant attitude to them. The answers of the respondents indicate a decrease in ethnic tension and a reduction in the likelihood of conflicts on ethnic grounds in the Krasnoyarsk Krai. At the same time, there is a tendency towards negative perception of migrant workers, mainly from Central Asia and the Caucasus, in the collective consciousness of the population. The opinion that migrant workers are more harmful than beneficial for the Krasnoyarsk Krai is becoming widespread. However, we do not observe a connection between this negative attitude to migrants and the perception of them as competitors on the job market. The second part of the article characterises the activities of the institutions of government, science, education, and civil society aimed at bringing about and developing conditions for the integration and adaptation of different nationalities and migrant workers within the Krasnoyarsk Krai community. The final part of the article describes an integrated approach to solving the problems of strengthening the unity of Siberian society, and harmonising interethnic and migration relations.

A collection of papers presented at the NATO ASI conference Transdisciplinary Information Sharing for Decision-Making against Biological Threats. It highlights strategic enablers such as cross-disciplinary information sharing, international outreach and partner activities, public diplomacy and strategic communication

Abstract
Okinskiy district of Buryatia is characterised by the entanglement of heterogeneous economies formed by the global demand for gold and jade, the remnants of Soviet planning systems at the local and municipal levels, traditional Soyot and Buryat land use practices and nascent adventure and recreational tourist flows. In a situation where most of the economic and social relations remain informal and rarely captured in the official documents, landscapes become the visible marker of the changing, intersecting and sometimes conflicting interests of these actors. In this paper, we analyse and juxtapose social and landscape data to examine how these relations are manifested in the land cover, which is a valuable proxy for studies of landscapes in a situation of remoteness. Using interviews and observations, we collected and analysed data on pertinent social, cultural and professional ties and examined local land-use practices and diverse economic interests during fieldwork in August 2020. The analysis of forest change was carried out using statistical and forest plan data, and a land-cover map was created using Landsat satellite images from 2020. The resulting map illustrates preservation of a traditional way of life in the form of seasonal migration infrastructure which includes summer pastures with summer houses and informal roads connecting them with settlements. However, multi-temporal maps with field data validation are needed to support more detailed accounts of change captured in the interviews.

Currently, researchers face with various situations related to the moral situation in healthcare. This article is based on the results of a sociological reasearch conducted by specialists of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center for Health and Medical Prevention in 2015–2019.Given the relevance of this topic, researchers compare the opinions of modern doctors and patients to ethical principles. Purpose of the study. To study the attitude of modern doctors and patients of medical institutions to the classical norms of medical ethics. Materials and methods. For the selection of respondents was used the representative sample based on gender and age of respondents (for the selection of patients), and by specialty of a medical workers (for doctors). Information collected by survey. Descriptive statistics were used to interpret the results, statistically significant differences between the rates were determined by Fischer`s exact test. Results. The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the attitude of doctors and patients to some classic norms of medical ethics. In general, doctors often have an unambiguous opinion about the principles of bioethics; patients are more lenient about the principles of bioethics. However, sometimes patients are more categorical about some aspects of the principles of bioethics. In particular, these include the ambiguous opinions of doctors regarding the judgment that "if the doctor realizes that the patient has been harmed as a result of unlawful acts, he must report this to the internal affairs bodies", as well as the opinions of doctors about the admissibility of accepting gifts from the patient. Conclusions. The classical principles of bioethics preserve functionality and form the necessary attitude of doctors and patients to the ethical foundations of the doctor's professional activities. Nevertheless, some aspects of these relationships are partially dysfunctional and can become a source of negative behavior in the system of relations between a doctor and a patient. ; В настоящее время исследователи нередко сталкиваются с различными коллизиями, связанными с моральной ситуацией в здравоохранении. Учитывая актуальность тематики, в статье приводится сравнение мнений современных врачей и пациентов об этических принципах, по результатам социологических исследований, проведенных специалистами КГБУЗ «Красноярский краевой Центр общественного здоровья и медицинской профилактики» в 2015–2019 годах. Цель исследования. Изучить отношение врачей и пациентов лечебных учреждений к классическим нормам биомедицинской этики. Материалы и методы. Для отбора респондентов использована районированная квотная (пропорциональная) выборка, репрезентативная по основаниям пола и возраста (для отбора пациентов) и по специальности медицинского работника (для врачей). Сбор информации осуществлялся методом анкетного опроса и формализованного интервью. Для интерпретации результатов использовались методы описательной статистики, статистическая значимость различий между долями ответов респондентов устанавливалась с применением точного критерия Фишера. Результаты. Получены результаты, свидетельствующие о наличии статистически значимых различий в отношении к некоторым классическим нормам биомедицинской этики врачей и пациентов. Так, в целом, врачи чаще имеют однозначное мнение касательно принципов биоэтики, пациенты более мягко относятся к биоэтическим принципам. Однако наблюдаются различия, в которых определено, что пациенты более категорично относятся к некоторым аспектам. В частности, к ним относятся неоднозначные мнения врачей относительно суждения, что «Если врач осознает, что пациенту причинен вред в результате противоправных действий, он должен сообщить об этом в органы внутренних дел», а также мнения врачей о допустимости принимать подарки от пациента. Заключение. Классические принципы биоэтики сохраняют функциональность и формируют необходимое отношение врачей и пациентов к этическим основаниям профессиональной деятельности врача. Вместе с тем отдельные аспекты такого отношения являются частично дисфункциональными и могут стать источником негативного поведения в системе отношений «врач – пациент».

We present the results of a multi-disciplinary analysis of a jug and its contents from the elite burial complex of the Sargat culture in Middle Irtysh Basin (burial Isakovka I, mound 3, burial 6). The burial, along with military equipment and various metallic import, contained a ceramic jug, the closest analogies to which are found in the production centers of the settled population of the foothill zone of the central and partially eastern regions of the North Caucasus, as well as the steppe territory (the basin of the Kuma River). The studied piece is distinguished by its massive form and traces of repair of the upper part. The jug was placed in the burial filled with a granular substance with fragments of light and gray-black color. Laboratory analysis found no traces of tartrates, i.e. the jug was not used for cooking or transporting beverages of grape juice. The detected fractions of biogenic apatite could possibly originate from fish bones and scales, used for the production of glue, which was added for clarification of wine, beer and mead. At the same time, the composition of the filling contains organic substances related to the production of a low-alcohol drink based on honey, fermented with the addition of cereal grains (local wild or coming from agricultural centers). There are two versions for defining this drink: either it was beer – one of the oldest ritual drinks, the use of which in pastoral cultures is confirmed by texts of the Nart sagas and is confirmed by similar forms of words of Iranian origin; or an infusion of herbs/cereals based on honey, also common in the ritual practices of ancient and traditional cultures. This find is considered exceptional, since the North Caucasian antiquities of the Early Iron Age have been previously unknown in the forest-steppe monuments of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia. It is possible that the area of the Sargat culture is so far the easternmost territory of distribution of such ceramics.