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After nearly three decades, there has been a revival of interest in the racial integration of inmates in prisons. In light of what has been done, the literature still questions whether racial integration policies, either forced or voluntary, can be implemented at the practical level. This article examines the process of achieving racial integration in the Texas prison system. This review focuses on the court's role in forcing racial integration, the organizational response to integration, the unit-level process of integration, and the general impact of an integration policy in Texas prisons. Ultimately, this article concludes that racial integration can be realized at the practical level in the contemporary prison.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- From Segregation to Desegregation in Texas Prisons: A Timeline -- Part I. The Outside -- 1. Broken Barriers -- 2. An Institutional Fault Line -- 3. 18,000 Days -- Part II. The Inside -- 4. The Color Line Persists -- 5. Cracks in the Color Line -- 6. Full Assault on the Color Line -- 7. The Color Line Breaks -- 8. 7,000 Days Later -- 9. Life in the First Available Cell -- Part III. A Colorless Society? -- 10. The Most Unlikely Place -- Notes -- Select Bibliography -- Index

This article examines the history, law, and research on racial desegregation in American prisons. It focuses on the 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case of Johnson v. California, in which the Court held that prison administrators cannot racially segregate inmates unless under extraordinary circumstances to maintain the security of inmates, staff, and institutions. This article also examines evidence on attitudes and outcomes of racial desegregation in prisons. It ends with a discussion of racial desegregation mandates and policy change in prison organizations.

This study examines patterns of violent institutional misconduct among a cohort of serious juvenile offenders who were incarcerated in state-level juvenile correctional facilities and then state adult prison institutions. Within the cohort, one group of offenders was immediately transferred to the adult prison system following their incarceration in a juvenile correctional facility. The other portion of the cohort was first released to the community, and then later incarcerated in adult prisons. Results of the analysis indicate that being a younger prison inmate with a history of childhood trauma and considered a high-rate violent institutional misconduct perpetrator as a juvenile ward were significant predictors of engaging in violent misconduct in adult prisons. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.

Inmate politics in prisons has been well chronicled. Yet, little is known about the role of inmate politics in county jails. Utilizing data from a natural experiment and complied through longitudinal case study methods, this study observed the dynamic socio-political concepts of the county jail inmate environment that followed California's 2011 sentencing reform. Identifying those aspects of the jail inmate political system that shifted – enhancements in the role of race relations among inmates, an expansion of the inmate economy, and emergence of utilitarian violence – also permits a clearer understanding of the jail inmate political system.

This study explores the recidivism outcomes of 1,804 serious and violent delinquents sentenced under a blended sentencing statute and released early by juvenile correctional authorities without continuing their blended sentence in adult prisons. Released at an average age of 19, roughly 50% of releases were rearrested for a felony-level offense postrelease. The remaining 50% of all releases did not incur a postrelease arrest or were rearrested for an offense no higher than a misdemeanor. Measures for assaultive institutional misconduct and prior delinquent adjudications were predictive of recidivism in models examining rearrest for any offense and rearrest for a felony only. Substance abusers, gang members, those with a gang-related commitment offense, and homicide-related state commitments were significantly more likely to be rearrested for any offense postrelease. This article ends with a discussion of implications specific to this high risk cohort of released delinquent offenders.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Determinate Sentencing and the Texas Youth Commission: A Timeline -- Chapter 1. Origins and Discoveries -- Chapter 2. The Determinate Sentencing Act in Texas -- Chapter 3. The Sheep That Got Lost -- Chapter 4. Doing Time in the Texas Youth Commission -- Chapter 5. Another Second Chance -- Chapter 6. The Burden of Second Chances -- Chapter 7. Three Decades Later -- Chapter 8. The Last Word -- Notes -- Index