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Zsfassung in dt. Sprache u.d.T.: Polen im Bundestag (1990 - 2002) : die Mitgestaltung der Außenpolitik Deutschlands durch den Deutschen Bundestag im Kontext des europäischen Integrationsprozesses

The multicultural and multiethnic character of Śląsk Opolski frequently leads to emotionally heated disputes over such symbols of the past as historical monuments, anniversaries of historical events, cemeteries, signs with topographic names and so on, which is reflected in regional policy. History and collective memory are obviously used by the politicians of Śląsk Opolski (both by political parties and minority organizations) for their current political purposes, in order to achieve certain political interests (such as winning or retaining voters) by means of exerting an influence on the regional community or selected groups and by shaping certain attitudes and behaviors. The author refers to concrete examples of debates held in the region to explain the phenomenon of the politicization of history. She ponders the role of researchers, including political scientists, in preventing the politicization of the past and emphasizes the necessity for their taking a stand in the process of forming regional historical policy.

The multicultural and multiethnic character of Śląsk Opolski frequently leads to emotionally heated disputes over such symbols of the past as historical monuments, anniversaries of historical events, cemeteries, signs with topographic names and so on, which is reflected in regional policy. History and collective memory are obviously used by the politicians of Śląsk Opolski (both by political parties and minority organizations) for their current political purposes, in order to achieve certain political interests (such as winning or retaining voters) by means of exerting an influence on the regional community or selected groups and by shaping certain attitudes and behaviors. The author refers to concrete examples of debates held in the region to explain the phenomenon of the politicization of history. She ponders the role of researchers, including political scientists, in preventing the politicization of the past and emphasizes the necessity for their taking a stand in the process of forming regional historical policy. ; The multicultural and multiethnic character of Śląsk Opolski frequently leads to emotionally heated disputes over such symbols of the past as historical monuments, anniversaries of historical events, cemeteries, signs with topographic names and so on, which is reflected in regional policy. History and collective memory are obviously used by the politicians of Śląsk Opolski (both by political parties and minority organizations) for their current political purposes, in order to achieve certain political interests (such as winning or retaining voters) by means of exerting an influence on the regional community or selected groups and by shaping certain attitudes and behaviors. The author refers to concrete examples of debates held in the region to explain the phenomenon of the politicization of history. She ponders the role of researchers, including political scientists, in preventing the politicization of the past and emphasizes the necessity for their taking a stand in the process of forming regional historical policy.

Im Artikel wird die Politik Deutschlands gegenüber Polen seit der Unterzeichnung des Vertrages über gute Nachbarschaft und freundschaftliche Zusammenarbeit am 17. Juni 1991 bis heute dargestellt. Der Vertrag markierte die historische Wende in den vielschichtigen deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen und eröffnete ein neues Kapitel. Man sprach damals von der Werte- und Interessengemeinschaft. Später aber war auch die Rede von einer Konflikt- und Streitgemeinschaft. Deswegen wurden die vergangenen 25 Jahre auf Grund von Konsens und Dissens in den Beziehungen sowie aus dem Gesichtspunkt ihrer Wahrnehmungsunterschiede in drei Perioden unterteilt: 1990 bis 1998: Phase der Verständigung und Versöhung; 1998 bis 2007: Phase der Distanz in den Beziehungen; 2007 bis 2015: Phase der Suche nach erwachsener Partnerschaft. Die Bilanz der Errungenschaften in der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Deutschland und Polen fällt im vergangenen Vierteljahrhundert im allgemmeinen positiv aus. Es ist vor allem das Agieren von Deutschland als Anwalt Polens in der EU und NATO hervorzuheben. Die Herausforderungen, die auch Konfliktfeldern zwischen Polen und Deutschland markieren, betreffen unter anderem folgende Themen: polnische Minderheit in Deutschland, Flüchtlingskrise, das Verhältnis zu Russland und zur Ukraine, Energiepolitik, Europapolitik und Geschichtspolitik.

The Polish-German Treaty of Good Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation that was signed between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Poland a quarter-century ago has repeatedly been the subject of debates, interpellations and deputies' questions at the German Federal Parliament. This article presents the most important debates and documents of the Bundestag, in which both deputies and members of the government expressed their opinions and positions with regard to the provisions of the treaty and its implementation.The aim of this study is to show changes to and differences in the rhetoric of parliamentarians representing various factions and representatives of the government in relation to this treaty over 20 years (i.e., from its signature and ratification in 1991 to the celebrations of its twentieth anniversary in 2011), and to present the priority issues raised in its context.

The article is divided into two parts referring to the regional pillar of foreign policy. The first part outlines changes of international activity of the European regions, including the international activity of the Polish voivodeships after a historical change in Poland at the turn of the '80s and '90s of the XX century came about. It is followed by a review of the selected concepts and terms applied when describing and analyzing interactions between regions and foreign entities. In the second part, a case of the activity of regional self-government of the Opole Voivodeship is studied as an illustration of regional activity within international space. The analysis is aimed at verification of the thesis according to which we can observe growing importance of activity on the sub-state level understood as a regional activity, this process being indicated, among others, by transformation of economic, cultural and political dimensions of international relations. Another purpose of the article is to address the question of what kind of gains are being derived by the Opole Voivodeship from its international cooperation? In summary, several postulates concerning the international activity of voivodeships have been proposed for regional policy's practitioners. ; Niniejszy artykuł – poświęcony regionalnemu filarowi polityki zagranicznej – podzielony został na dwie części. W pierwszej zarysowano zmiany w zakresie aktywności międzynarodowej regionów europejskich, z uwzględnieniem działalności zagranicznej polskich województw po historycznych przemianach przełomu lat 80. i 90. XX w. Zawarto tu także przegląd wybranych pojęć i terminów używanych do określenia i analizy interakcji regionów z zagranicą. W części drugiej zilustrowano działania regionów na arenie międzynarodowej przykładem samorządu regionalnego województwa opolskiego. Celem opracowania jest potwierdzenie tezy o wzroście znaczenia poziomu subpaństwowego – tu: regionalnego – znajdującego m.in. wyraz w przemianach zachodzących w stosunkach międzynarodowych, zarówno gospodarczych, kulturalnych, jak i politycznych oraz odpowiedź na pytanie: jakie korzyści odnosi województwo opolskie z prowadzonej współpracy międzynarodowej? Ponadto w podsumowaniu zawarto kilka postulatów dla praktyków polityki regionalnej, dotyczących aktywności międzynarodowej województw.