Suchergebnisse

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries future stand in the world's economy depends to a large extent on the potentials of their agriculture to perform in a free trade world. EU is the largest market for agricultural products of MENA countries, though new outlets and new partnerships can expand the market of their produce. Enhancing agriculture's potentials safeguards the economy's general expansion and impede the flee of MENA countries' huge labor reserves to the developed world. In this work, introducing a few possible trade reforms, a general equilibrium model is employed to assess the impacts upon region's export potentials and welfare changes. Selecting certain distinct scenarios from a wide spectrum of anticipated trade reforms, and feeding them into the model, insights on the direction of the expected changes and rough estimates of accrued benefits can be extracted. The model results suggest that the region might benefit the most under special provisions for developing countries in a WTO agreement, while in the case of EU-Med agreement agricultural trade will benefit MENA countries and can induce economic growth through the expansion of agricultural exports.

The main objective of this deliverable is to evaluate consumers' WTP for organic products and compare both with existing brands as the exclusive signal of quality and with additional signals incorporated. We used an experimental market and we determined consumer's willingness to pay (WTP) for produce grown with different pesticide levels. For our experimental markets conducted in Portugal (April, 2009), France (May, 2009)and Greece (February, 2010) consumers' WTP were estimate using the apple example, for three levels of pesticide reduction: i) "Regular": apples produced in the respect of the legal legislation. These apples don't have any cue. ii) Integrated Pest Management (IPM): apples produced with a decrease of the pesticides' use. In our experimental markets, IPM strategy involved three different signals with a "generic" IPM certification, a retailer brand and a protected designation of origin, (iii) "Organic": apples produced without any synthesis pesticides. More recently, we conducted the experimental market in Netherlands (October,2010). In this country, we tested two types of organic certification: The conventional organic certification, tested in the previous countries (where no chemical pesticides have been used in 3 the production process) and a certification "Organic Plus" where no chemical and organic pesticides have been used. After showing that consumers' premium for pesticide reduction is not independent from the product's sensory attributes, we give the quantitative results for the consumers WTP for a pesticide reduction. It should be noted that demand for organic products seems relatively important in the EU countries that we tested. However in Netherlands, organic production seems to be less valued by the consumers. Countries where the experimental auctions were conducted do not necessarily correspond to countries where income levels are highest in the EU (specifically for Portugal and Greece). Moreover, we show that the income is not significant to explain the premium for organic products. ...

Using experimental auctions carried out on apples in different European countries, we contribute to the assessment of consumer willingness to pay for the reduction of pesticides. We study several systems of good agricultural practices, possibly signaled to consumers, ranging from public and private Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to organic production methods. The results suggest a relatively homogeneous behavior of European consumers and we show how improving the information on pesticides reduction could have unexpected consequences. Results also show that sensory characteristics or reference to an origin of production should not be overlooked. ; En utilisant des enchères expérimentales effectuées dans différents pays européens, cet article contribue à l'évaluation du consentement à payer des consommateurs en faveur de la réduction des pesticides. Nous étudions plusieurs systèmes de bonnes pratiques agricoles qui peuvent être signalées aux consommateurs, allant des stratégies publiques et privées de production intégrée, aux modes de production biologique. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent un comportement relativement homogène des consommateurs européens, et nous montrons comment le renforcement de l'information sur la réduction des pesticides peut avoir des conséquences inattendues. Les résultats montrent également comment l'influence des caractéristiques sensorielles et la référence à une origine ne doivent pas être nègligées.

International audience ; Food quality schemes (FQS: organic and geographical indication products) are often supposed to be more sustainable by their political advocates. We explore the social sustainability advantage of FQS through the lens of supply chains' bargaining power (BP) distribution. We propose an indicator synthesizing different sources underlying BP (competition-based, transactional, institutional) and counting two dimensions (fair BP distribution and adaptation capacity), that we apply to 18 FQS supply chains and corresponding reference. FQS perform better than their reference products on both dimensions. This better performance is due to a combination of sources.

International audience ; Food quality schemes (FQS: organic and geographical indication products) are often supposed to be more sustainable by their political advocates. We explore the social sustainability advantage of FQS through the lens of supply chains' bargaining power (BP) distribution. We propose an indicator synthesizing different sources underlying BP (competition-based, transactional, institutional) and counting two dimensions (fair BP distribution and adaptation capacity), that we apply to 18 FQS supply chains and corresponding reference. FQS perform better than their reference products on both dimensions. This better performance is due to a combination of sources.

International audience ; Food quality schemes (FQS: organic and geographical indication products) are often supposed to be more sustainable by their political advocates. We explore the social sustainability advantage of FQS through the lens of supply chains' bargaining power (BP) distribution. We propose an indicator synthesizing different sources underlying BP (competition-based, transactional, institutional) and counting two dimensions (fair BP distribution and adaptation capacity), that we apply to 18 FQS supply chains and corresponding reference. FQS perform better than their reference products on both dimensions. This better performance is due to a combination of sources.