Suchergebnisse

Immigration has an ambiguous effect on the subjective well-being (SWB) of receiving societies. Being small, it is rather positive. This conclusion is preliminary and requires further investigations, which corresponds to results of numerous studies of the immigration impact on the objective well-being of people in more developed countries. According to these studies, some social groups, mainly low qualified workers, suffer from immigration facing the risks of rising unemployment and lowering incomes. Besides, the increase of the foreign born population with different cultural background originates threats to national identities of natives. At the same time, the inflow of foreigners improves economic performance and as a rule contributes to ameliorating of work and life conditions for the population majority in the receiving countries. The rise of the objective well-being of large social groups, both taking place and being expected, in comparison with its previous indices and with other groups, including immigrants, is refracted in indicators of SWB. Such positive effect was revealed in some recent studies. The conclusion of a positive impact of immigration on SWB in receiving societies looks like a paradox amid a negative public opinion about immigration, demonstrated in street protests against the assault of identities of different cultural backgrounds and in electoral support of anti-immigrant political parties. Nevertheless, such negativism is, first of all, peculiar for the assessments of national sequences of immigration. And these assessments are based on warped perceptions of the scale and impact of the foreign born population flow, being influenced by external factors. Besides, the influence of national assessments on life satisfaction and feeling of happiness is very small. Meanwhile, the public image of the immigration impact on personal life, life of family members and of the home town, which is based on personal experience and more adequate knowledge of local processes, is less critical and more favorable. As opposed to national assessments, the effect of such natives' perception of the immigration micro-social effects on their SWB is much more important. (This is mainly due to a higher significance for SWB of current developments in peoples' personal life and in their immediate social environment, compared to macro-social issues).

The developed countries demonstrate steady growth of human resources in science and technology, being fixed in the rise of the share of tertiary educated in population as well as the share of professionals and technicians in employed population. The composition, quality and rationality of the usage of intellectual resources are strongly influenced by the disciplinary structure and other features of the system of tertiary education, as well as by the correspondence of demand and supply on the market of intellectual labour. There is a significant correlation between the state of such resources and the development of innovation economy.

The article deals with the extent to which the deep recession of the economies of the developed countries at the end of the 2000s has caused crisis processes at the labor market. The author considers the effects of the recession in the segment of migrant labor arising from the nature of its operation. Also, it is explored how the continued flow of foreign labor affects the conditions of employment of local workers. It is shown that the crisis augmented the negative impact of immigration on working conditions and employment opportunities of local workers. However, it is concluded that in case of the economic recovery the immigration may help to expedite it.

The author explores the impact of the global economic crisis on labor migration dynamics through the cases of developed states. It is concluded that the phases of the economic cycle exert different impact on the development of overall migration status in each leading country of the world. This means that a connection between these two processes is not rigid and unambiguous.

The article is devoted to the problems of modern intellectual migration. It deals with main factors of intensification of international movements of science and technology specialists and students, connected with globalization and informatization of the society. The scope, geographic, socio-professional and disciplinary structures of these flows are also considered. Contradictory sequences of movements of professionals and students for countries both their donors and recipients are revealed. Main directions of migration policies as well as government measures in the sphere of education, science and technology, aimed at maximizing the dividends and minimizing the losses from participation in international intellectual migration, are determined.

The article aims at characterizing the content, problems, and consequences of the US interaction with the countries of the North American continent in the sphere of migration. The objective is to identify the main directions and assess the prospects for the overdue reform of the US regional migration policy. The author examines migration policy in the framework of NAFTA-USMCA and multi-vector initiatives aimed at managing movements within the region.The results show that migration on the continent, primarily from Mexico and Central America to the United States, is characterized by a high level of regionalization. Due to massive spontaneous flows of migrants who lack the required documents for entering, staying, and working in the country of destination, including asylum seekers, the region's countries face serious challenges aggravated by the pandemic. The US cooperates in various forms and directions with the region's countries in the sphere of migration. It includes limited liberalization of specific categories of specialists and business representatives from the three member-states of the NAFTA-USMCA. Nevertheless, such interaction focuses on curbing the inflow of migrants without documents to the United States, which makes these relations asymmetric along the center-periphery axis. Such a policy is inconsistent and leads to acute humanitarian crises on the borders of the region's states. The administration of Joe Biden faces difficulties in reforming migration policy during the pandemic and growing public concern. The issue urges regional cooperation on a fairer and more equitable basis; otherwise, it is impossible to advance towards the promotion of legal migration.