Suchergebnisse

В данной работе рассмотрены проблемы гендерного неравенства и реализации запрета дискриминации по половому признаку в законодательстве Российской Федерации. Приводятся различные исследования, подтверждающие актуальность темы дискриминации по гендерному типу, на основе которых выявляются проблемы профессиональной сегрегации, неравной оплаты труда, штрафа за материнство. Раскрыты причины, порождающие дискриминацию по полу в сфере труда и затрудняющие борьбу с нарушениями прав работников. Рассмотрен вопрос влияния гендерных стереотипов, социальных устоев и семейной политики государства на дискриминацию. Предлагаются государственные меры для снижения уровня дискриминации по половому признаку в сфере труда. ; In this article, the problems of gender inequality and the implementation of the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender in the legislation of the Russian Federation are considered. There are some researches that confirm the relevance of the topic of gender-based discrimination, on the basis of which problems of occupational segregation, unequal pay, and the "penalty for motherhood" are identified. The reasons that give rise to gender discrimination in labor law and make it difficult to combat violations of workers' rights are revealed. The issue of the influence of gender stereotypes, social standards and family policy of the state on discrimination is considered. State measures are proposed to reduce the level of discrimination based on gender in labor law.

The article considers the influence of the scientific world picture on the forms and modes of the existence of art. The author reveals the epistemological function of art in various historical periods of changing scientific paradigms, outlines the role of art in the Middle Ages (pre-scientific knowledge), the Renaissance, the New Age (classical scientific paradigm), and the period of the late 19th – first half of the 20th centuries (non-classical scientific paradigm). Particular attention is paid to modernism, in the art of which the epistemological function is largely realized, and artists embody the achievements of the contemporary scientific world picture in new forms, reflecting the complexity of new scientific theories that an ordinary person must take for granted.

The article analyzes the significance of Wilhelm von Humboldt's philosophical ideas about the model of the organization of university education in light of modern challenges. The fundamental ideas of the Humboldt's project are dis­cussed. The "fictitiousness" of the university as a social institution was the most important advantage of Humboldt's educational strategy. The educational agenda here is not determined by institutional interests, which means that it turns out to be flexible and does not seek to maintain the status quo. At the same time, it is the destruction of "fictitiousness" and the university's establishment as a "real" social institution that becomes one of the most important symptoms of the crisis in the modern academic world. One of the vivid expressions of this crisis is the priority of quantitative indicators of the educational process's effectiveness. The key difference of a modern university is its aspiration for the future. In turn, an appeal to the future turns out to be a pseudo-strategy of the educational process, since the future itself is an unattainable goal. At the same time, Hum­boldt's project suggested that only in the image of a person does the ultimate goal of education find unlimited development opportunities. The author believes that returning to the "Humboldtian man" can be an important task for university reform in the modern world.

In this paper, we consider the internalistic foundations of progress in the social sciences and humanities. Our working hypothesis is that a linear (cumulative) understanding of progress in the humanities and social sciences expresses itself in a tendency towards methodological reductionism (naturalization within episte­mology of social sciences and humanities), which, in turn, is opposed to a non­linear (pluralistic) approach that proclaims a theoretical variety and pluralism of methodological attitudes. This trend is determined by the desire to strengthen the epistemic foundations of social sciences and humanities through the recep­tion of concepts and approaches of other, "more successful" natural sciences or mathematical approaches from related fields in social sciences. Depending on how exactly the reception takes place and with which disciplines ties are built up, we distinguish three strategies for the development of naturalization. The first is a substitution strategy in which the social sciences and humanities not only borrow directly from natural sciences approaches, but also abandon their own specific research subject. The second strategy is an adaptation strategy. In this case, we are not talking about methodological substitution in its pure form, but about the possibility of partial reception of certain natural science theories and methods (or the reception of mathematical methods from related areas of social knowledge – for example, from the area of economic analysis) in accordance with the goals and objectives of social and humanitarian research (that is, the so­cial sciences and humanities retain their specific subject of research, and the me­thodological base expands through the use of scientific and mathematical meth­ods and data). And finally, the third is the validation strategy, in which the specific subject of social and humanitarian research is preserved. However, the borrow­ing of scientific methods occurs not at the stage of the research, but at the stage of assessing its results. In the paper we use specific examples from the social sci­ences and humanities to consider three strategies of reductionism (as naturaliza­tion) from the point of view of their consequences for the development of social sciences and humanities in an internalist perspective.