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This article explores the linkages between globalization, cities, and firms in twentieth-century India. Since the interwar period in the early twentieth century, India withdrew from the global economy, reintegrating only in the 1990s. This reshaped the metropolitan hierarchy in India in specific ways, whether through international migration and creation of new supply chains before 1991 or by foreign direct investment in the final decade of the twentieth century. Firms—both Indian and multinational—had to respond to different waves of globalization and accordingly made location choices that in turn shaped the urban evolution. More broadly, this article points to the relevance of integrating urban history more closely with business history in studies of globalization.

Adam Auerbach, Demanding Development: The Politics of Public Goods Provision in India's Urban Slums. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020, 328pp., $34.99. ISBN: 1108491936 (hardcover). ISBN: 9781108741330 (paperback).

The Post Office of India has evolved tremendously from an institution of 'communication' to an important 'financial' institution of the early twenty-first century. This article traces the evolution of two key mass financial services offered by the Post Office over the past 130 years—money orders that have primarily served as a mechanism for internal and international migrants' remittances and the small savings system that has mobilised deposits from millions of rural and urban citizens. It assesses the contribution of the Post Office in enhancing 'financial inclusion' in the twentieth century and argues that the financial history of modern India remains incomplete without integrating the Post Office—currently the largest bank in India in terms of network, accounts and personal deposits—as a key institutional actor in the narrative.

CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; This paper reviews the relationship between migration and trade between India and the European Union (EU). It provides an overview of EU-India trade across various dimensions and links it with migration in three specific contexts: (a) The $ 14 billion EU-India diamond trade that represents nearly 15% of total EU-India merchandise trade, and that is attributed to the direct and active role played by Indian immigrants and the diaspora (b) The trade in food products such as lentils, beans, rice and spices that reflects the pull of goods towards the EU to meet the preferences of the Indian immigrants and (c) The trade in services in the computer & information, education and entertainment sectors and the mobility of professionals, students and tourists respectively. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union. ; A hundred years ago, during colonial times, more than a hundred thousand migrants from Britain and Ireland worked in India, mostly as soldiers and administrators. In contrast, only around 4,000 Indians lived in Britain: 1,000 students and 2,500 persons working in navigation related activities. As a result, European countries were net recipients of migrants' remittances from India. A century later, nearly a million emigrants from India live in the countries of the European Union (EU) and less than 10,000 EU expatriates work in India, making India a net recipient of migrants' remittances from the EU. Considering the significantly large Indian emigrant base in the EU, few questions that emerge are: How much money flows from the EU to India by way of migrants' remittances? What part of emigrant capital flows are sourced from the EU? And what are the country shares of these remittance flows? This paper attempts to address these questions basing its analysis on data compiled from numerous reports published by the Reserve Bank of India over the last three decades. ; CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration

The One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) scheme started in India in 2019—with all states on board since mid-2022—enabling interstate portability of the public distribution system (PDS) for migrants to access subsidised foodgrains. This article reviews the progress of the policy so far, compares interstate PDS portability with intrastate PDS portability, and identifies key ONORC districts where offtake appears to be occurring frequently. It documents the limited traction of interstate PDS portability with less than half a million monthly transactions, in stark contrast to over 20 million monthly transactions being conducted under the umbrella of intrastate portability. Both demand- and supply-side factors appear to be at work in constraining the ONORC interstate PDS portability at present and easing these constraints could substantially increase the adoption of the benefits. These measures include better stock management at fair price shops considering the intra-year seasonality of migration and focus on specific migration corridors through publicity campaigns targeted towards migrant workers.