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This contribution looks at strategies for gender mainstreaming (GM) in planning practice applying gender/diversity design criteria. It offers a critical discussion of the 'city of proximity' (CoP) as a guiding principle for genderaware planning. Examples of guidelines and handbooks from different planning cultures show that the CoP is a widely adopted model, not only in gender mainstreaming, however it is seldom associated with its feminist origin. As planning professionals and researchers, we consider the role of urban and regional planning to change power relations and gendered norms. Taking two Austrian cities as examples, we illustrate the impact of GM on planning practice, revealing both the strength of the legislative framework and the limitations of Leitbilder that unintentionally reproduce gender stereotypes. The paper concludes with suggestions to move beyond the stage of pilot projects and handbooks, particularly in two fields: first, by looking at the attitudes and competences of professionals, and second, by dissociating the city of proximity from neighbourhoods while implementing gender criteria at a larger scale, e.g. in regional development plans.

This contribution looks at strategies for gender mainstreaming (GM) in planning practice applying gender/diversity design criteria. It offers a critical discussion of the 'city of proximity' (CoP) as a guiding principle for genderaware planning. Examples of guidelines and handbooks from different planning cultures show that the CoP is a widely adopted model, not only in gender mainstreaming, however it is seldom associated with its feminist origin. As planning professionals and researchers, we consider the role of urban and regional planning to change power relations and gendered norms. Taking two Austrian cities as examples, we illustrate the impact of GM on planning practice, revealing both the strength of the legislative framework and the limitations of Leitbilder that unintentionally reproduce gender stereotypes. The paper concludes with suggestions to move beyond the stage of pilot projects and handbooks, particularly in two fields: first, by looking at the attitudes and competences of professionals, and second, by dissociating the city of proximity from neighbourhoods while implementing gender criteria at a larger scale, e.g. in regional development plans.

Co-housing has re-emerged in affluent cities as a model of dwelling that aims to reduce ecological impact and increase social welfare. Although it is the subject of growing academic interest, there are significant gaps in knowledge and a tendency toward wishful thinking about its promise that is not supported by evidence. We examine co-housing from a feminist political ecology perspective with the aim of contributing to an improved research agenda, not just on co-housing but commoning more widely. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork conducted at co-housing projects in the Netherlands and the UK, we cast new light on how to assess the impact of sharing practices at the level of the collectivized household. Our findings support the claim that commons thinking is not really commons if it takes the work of social reproduction (caring labour) for granted or overlooks differences between people along the lines of gender, class, race/ethnicity, age and ability. We argue that greater attention to difference entails a new set of questions and criteria, and that these are necessary for assessing the extent to which co-housing projects enable the 'inclusive commoning' that their proponents rather wishfully envisage.

Doreen Massey suggests that the implication of geography is significant in the construction of gender. Following the functionalist values in planning, industry was segregated from the living environment to provide a healthy atmosphere for the urban inhabitants and achieve maximum industrial efficiency. Although this geographical separation has been economically viable for a long time, industry has changed and more importantly has had many repercussions when analyzed from a gender perspective. This paper challenges this spatial separation of industry from the urban life of the city in the current context, when the landscape of industries is changing from manufacturing to service.In the case of a relatively traditional society like India, on the one hand gender roles are strongly enforced, but on the other hand the continuous feminization of the workforce has been a result of the liberalization of global policies in the early 90's. The still present binary definition of gender is confining men to the productive space and relegating women to the domestic sphere. The entrance of women in the labor force implies the entrance of women in the public urban space.In this paper, this relationship between urban morphology of the industry and the gendering of paid work will be illustrated in the Indian context. With the help of a case study of two industries in Bangalore, the unique challenges of the two workingwomen in participating in the workforce will be highlighted. The paper explores if another urban model is possible, responding better to gender or women's needs. The paper will explore spatial recommendations, developed in the European context and examine their applicability in the Bangalore context in making the shift in planning to facilitate the transition in the construct of gender. ; Nel caso di una società sostanzialmente tradizionale come l'India, da un lato, i ruoli di genere sono fortemente consolidati, mentre d'altra parte la crescente femminilizzazione della forza lavoro è stata una conseguenza della liberalizzazione delle politiche globali dei primi anni '90. L'attuale ed ancora presente definizione binaria dei ruoli di genere sta confinando gli uomini nello spazio produttivo e relegando le donne nella sfera domestica. L'ingresso delle donne nel mercato del lavoro comporta il loro ingresso nello spazio pubblico urbano. Questo articolo contesta la separazione spaziale dell'industria dalla vita urbana della città nell'attuale contesto, in cui il paesaggio industriale sta cambiando dalla produzione manufatturiera ai servizi.Questa relazione tra morfologia urbana dell'industria e dimensione di genere del lavoro retribuito nel contesto indiano. Un caso di studio di due industrie a Bangalore, mette in evidenza le sfide uniche delle donne che partecipano alla forza lavoro. Il saggio esplora se è possibile pensare ad un altro modello urbano, che risponde meglio alle esigenze di genere o delle donne.

This article approaches post-war housing innovation in the Netherlands from a feminist perspective, shedding light on the hitherto unkown roles played by women architects. It introduces the work of Dutch women architects, some of it acknowledged at the time of its creation, some completely unknown. First, Augustine Schreuder-Gratama, one of the first female students in Delft in the 1920s, and the Women Advisory Committee (VAC) for social housing ?specifically their role as model homes exhibitions developers in the context of housing industrialisation in the 1950s, in which other organizations have been considered pioneer. Then work of Luzia Hartsuyker-Curjel from the democratization period including the second feminist wave in the 1970s and 1980s is presented. Amongst others, she proposed a 'non-hierarchical dwelling' based on feminist critique of the nuclear family home. Finally, the article presents the work of Ineke Hulshof in the 1990s and early 21st century. To conclude, this article argues that their contribution to the evolution of architecture in the Netherlands is underestimated and their role in housing innovation should be better articulated as part of the architectural records. ; Este artículo aborda la historia (e historias) en innovación en el diseño de viviendas en los Países Bajos desde la posguerra, y en ella, el rol desempeñado por algunas arquitectas. El texto recoge el trabajo de varias arquitectas holandesas, algunas reconocidas en su momento, otras completamente desconocidas. Primero, Augustine Schreuder-Gratama, una de las primeras estudiantes en Delft en los años 20, y el Comité Asesor de Mujeres (VAC) para la vivienda social, y concretamente, su rol como promotoras de exposiciones de viviendas en el contexto de la industrialización de viviendas en los años 50, en el que otras organizaciones han sido consideradas pioneras. La obra de Luzia Hartsuyker-Curjel representa el período de democratización durante los 70 y los 80. Entre otras cuestiones, la arquitecta propuso una "vivienda no jerárquica" basada en la crítica feminista a la familia nuclear. Finalmente, el artículo presenta el trabajo de Ineke Hulshof entre la década de 1990 y principios del s. XXI. Por último, este artículo sostiene que la contribución de estas profesionales de la arquitectura en los Países Bajos continúa siendo subestimada.

'Women in Architecture' sheds light on how women in all their different roles contribute to architecture, from the past to the present. Despite the essential and varied contributions of women, the narrative surrounding architecture remains deeply rooted in masculinity. Nonetheless, women have played crucial roles throughout architectural history. This publication sheds light on the reasons behind the absence of women in archives and publications, and how that exclusion continues to perpetuate the invisibility of women in architecture today. By bringing together these stories, the publication adds a crucial chapter to the history of architecture in the Netherlands and advocates for greater diversity in the current architectural discourse

Bilingual edition (English/German) / Zweisprachige Ausgabe (deutsch/englisch) Experimental dwelling forms—CoHousing Cultures—are entering the mainstream. But to what extent are they accessible and affordable for all, including people with more or less money, with or without refugee experience, with or without disabilities? Community- led housing initiatives are already developing diverse, sustainable neighborhoods, driven by civil society and increasingly supported by foundations, cooperatives and municipalities as well as housing companies and developers.This book contains critical reviews of model projects representing a multifaceted European movement, complemented with photos and drawings. Short texts argue how political and financial conditions can be improved to better realize community housing. Finally, a range of voices offer unconventional and promising strategies