Suchergebnisse

DAVID COOPER (2011), The University in Development: Case Studies of Use-Oriented Research. Cape Town: HSRC Press. 390 pp. PB. AUD58.00.

Mongolia has undergone rapid and extensive political and economic reform over the past decade. An impressive science and technology system inherited from over sixty years of being embedded in the former Soviet economy has been placed under con siderable financial pressure during the reform process. As market reforms deepen, a major challenge for government planners is to maintain the inherent strengths of their science system and turn its potential technology development capabilities towards national priorities for socio-economic development. While the Mongolian government has recently introduced an array of new legislation to underpin S&T policy for the twenty-first century, the task of setting out a plan of action still remains. In order to assist the Mongolian government to meet these challenges, UNESCO has funded a project to prepare a National Master Plan for Science and Technology Policy. This article describes work in progress and identifies some of the current organisational challenges.

This paper presents a developing economy perspective of 'knowledge-based development'. The observation is made that in order to avoid some of the negative consequences of globalisation, developing countries need policy instruments quite different from those that prevailed among developing countries through the 1980s and 1990s. The current development of science and technology policy in Mozambique is presented as an example of how national S& T policies in developing economies might be redirected toward achieving this. The Mozambique case suggests a way forward for developing countries to adopt alternative S&T policy approaches from those that have generally prevailed elsewhere. This is essentially an inclusive rather than exclusive approach to science and technology, and one that serves to bridge 'knowledge systems' rather than simply building links between scientific institutions and industry.

Transition and change : innovation systems in Asia-Pacific economies / V.V. Krishna and Tim Turpin -- 'Marking time?' The evolution of the Australian national innovation system, 1996-2005 / Sam Garrett-Jones -- New S&T policies and repositioning of universities in the changing national innovation system : the case of Japan / Fumi Kitagawa and Robert Schuman -- Science and technology policy and diffusion of knowledge in New Zealand / Peter D. Cleland and Susan E. Manley -- The evolution of Korea's national innovation system and science and technology policy / Deok Soon Yim -- The dynamics of China's national innovation system : resources, capabilities and linkages / Jing A. Zhang -- Dynamics in the sectoral system of innovation : Indian experience in software, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals / V.V. Krishna -- Thailand at the crossroads : the dynamics of Thailand's national innovation system / Patarapong Intarakumnerd and Peter Brimble -- The dynamics of innovation and technology capability in Pakistan / S.T.K. Naim -- Science and technology policy and the dynamics underlying the Malaysia innovation system / Fadzilah Ahmad Din and V.V. Krishna -- The emerging national system of innovation in the Philippines / Amelia C. Ancog and Albert P. Aquino -- Innovation strategy for the Pacific Islands in the new millennium : mixing scinece with tradition / Will Tibben and Apelu Tielu -- S&T policy and the Sri Lankan national system of innovation : the role of public research systems / Seetha I. Wickremasinghe and V.V. Krishna

Globalization of higher education, finance and industrial production has contributed to the internationalization of scientific and technical human capital (STHC). STHC is generated by and includes research and development (R&D) personnel, but also includes the knowledge, know-how and learning capacity embedded in their knowledge networks. As science and technology (S&T) personnel develop their careers and networks, they draw upon and contribute to the development of dispersed knowledge networks and consequently STHC. Drawing on a recent survey of publishing scientists and an analysis of publication patterns in the biological sciences, this article seeks to document and reveal the policy implications of dispersed knowledge networks for Australian science and innovation capacity.

This article reports on a study to investigate the links between policymakers & social scientific researchers with respect to migration in the Asia Pacific region. It addresses the ways in which research networks inform the policy process & especially the extent to which, & how, migration research has an impact on migration policy. The major findings that emerge include the following: (1) knowledge of the political & economic context of each country varies & needs to be understood as it provides the context for policy making; (2) the relationship between research & policy processes varies considerably across countries -- in some countries the policy process is "tightly" managed by a single department (eg, Australia) while in others there is a more diverse administrative approach to migration policy (eg, Thailand); (3) the impact of research is more direct & conclusive when it has been commissioned directly by government or involves close collaboration with government; (4) migration policy processes in all case study countries appear increasingly responsive to public opinion, rather than the findings of academic research, & thus indicate the important (but more amorphous) indirect policy impact from academic research; given this situation, the need to disseminate results widely is evident; & (5) migration researchers are inevitably "biased" toward certain methodologies & theoretical perspectives & therefore a wide range of opinions is valuable. 3 Figures, 11 References. Adapted from the source document.

This article reports on a study to investigate the links between policy makers and social scientific researchers with respect to migration in the Asia Pacific region. It addresses the ways in which research networks inform the policy process and especially the extent to which, and how, migration research has an impact on migration policy. The major findings that emerge from the study include the following: - knowledge of the political and economic context of each country varies and needs to be understood as it provides the context for policy making; - the relationship between research and policy processes varies considerably across countries - in some countries the policy process is "tightly" managed by a single department (such as in Australia) while in others there is a more diverse administrative approach to migration policy (such as in Thailand); - the impact of research is more direct and conclusive when research has been commissioned directly by government or involves close collaboration with government; - migration policy processes in all case study countries appear increasingly responsive to public opinion, rather than the findings of academic research, and thus indicate the important (but more amorphous) indirect policy impact from academic research; - given this situation, the need to disseminate results widely is evident; - migration researchers are inevitably "biased" towards certain methodologies and theoretical perspectives and therefore a wide range of opinions is valuable. (Original abstract)