Suchergebnisse

We use conjoint choice questions to investigate people's tastes for cancer risk reductions and income in the context of public programs that would provide for remediation at abandoned industrial contaminated sites. Our survey was self‐administered using the computer by persons living in the vicinity of an important contaminated site on the Italian National Priority List. The value of a prevented case of cancer is €2.6 million, but this figure does vary with income, perceived exposure to contaminants, and respondent opinions about priorities that should be pursued by cleanup programs.

Consentement à payer pour des politiques de nettoyage de sites contaminés : résultats d'une étude Conjoint Choice en Italie Nous utilisons des expériences conjoint choice pour évaluer les préférences de la population dans les zones avec sites contaminés en Italie concernant les programmes qui peuvent réduire les risques de santé. Les attributs des différents programmes hypothétiques montrés aux personnes interrogées sont la réduction du risque de mortalité, la durée de cette réduction et le coût par ménage. Les réponses aux questions de choix sont conformes au scope test et indiquent que les gens payeraient davantage pour des réductions de risques qui durent longtemps. Ceci implique une préférence pour des programmes qui assurent un nettoyage permanent. Le taux d'actualisation pour les réductions de risques futurs est de 6.25%.

We use conjoint choice experiments to study the preferences of people living in areas with contaminated sites in Italy for public programs that would address the human health risks associated with these sites. The attributes of the alternative (and hypothetical) programs shown to our survey respondents are the size of the mortality risk reductions, the size of the population affected by the program, the timing of the risk reduction, the number of years the risk reduction would be experienced for, and the cost to the respondent's household. The responses to the choice questions satisfy scope requirements and show that people care -- and are willing to pay more for -- for risk reductions sustained over a long time. This in turn implies a preference for permanent remediation. People discount future risk reductions at a rate of about 6.25%. Adapted from the source document.

Cleaning up contaminated sites is one of the most important environmental policy priorities in many countries. Remediation of contaminated sites is attractive because it reduces risks to human health and ecological systems, and brings a host of potential social and economic benefits. Even when the burden of paying for cleanup is imposed on the parties that are responsible for the contaminated sites, in many countries government programs are established for enforcement purposes, to set cleanup standards, and to address contamination at those sites where the responsible parties are no longer in existence or do not have the means to pay for cleanup ( orphan sites). This paper presents the results of a survey of the Italian public where we ask citizens to report their opinions about possible goals for such government programs and for cleanup. Our survey respondents are generally in favor of broad-based programs that protect the health of a diverse population - without restricting attention to cleanup beneficiaries in specific age groups or to specific exposure pathways. They also in favor of permanent remedies, even if they cost more, and of cleaning up sites even when the health risk reduction are experienced in the future, as is usually the case with carcinogenic contaminants.

We use conjoint choice questions to investigate people s preferences for income and reductions in mortality risks delivered by contaminated site remediation policies. Our survey is self-administered using the computer by residents of four cities in Italy with severely contaminated sites. We estimate the Value of a Statistical Life to be about €5.6 million for an immediate risk reduction. If the risk reduction takes place 20 years from now, however, the implied VSL is about €1.26 million. The discount rate implicit in the responses to the conjoint choice questions is about 7%. People are willing to pay for permanent risk reductions, but not just any amount. Risk reductions in the nearer future are valued more highly than risk reductions in the more distant future. We also find that the VSL is individuated, in the sense that it depends on observable individual characteristics of the respondents, familiarity with contaminated sites, concern about the health effects of exposure to toxicants, having a family member with cancer, perceived usefulness of possible government actions, and the respondent s beliefs about the goals of government remediation programs. Additional questions suggest that respondents discount lives, and do so at a discount rate in the ballpark of that implicit in their risk v. money tradeoffs.

In complex natural resource systems, modifications or disruptions tend to affect many and diverse components of the ecological system, settlements and groups of people. This book uses the Lagoon of Venice-- a unique natural resource, wildlife habitat, centre of cultural heritage and recreational site-- as an example of one such system that has been heavily affected by human activities, including the harvesting of natural resources and industrial production. The contributors explore the Lagoon's potential for regeneration, examining public policies currently under consideration. The aim of these policies is to restore island coastlines and marshes, fish stocks, habitat and environmental quality, defend morphology and landscape through the strict control of fishing practices, and to protect the islands from high tides