Suchergebnisse

"From 1929 to 1958, hundreds of thousands of prisoners and exiles from across the Soviet Union were sent to the harsh yet resource-rich Komi Republic. When the Soviet Union collapsed, former prisoners sent their autobiographies to Komi's local branches of the anti-Stalinist Memorial Society and history museums.Utilizing these previously unavailable personal records, alongside newspapers, photographs, interviews, and other non-state archival sources, After the Gulag sheds new light not only on how former prisoners experienced life after release but also how they laid the foundations for the future commemoration of Komi's dark past. Bound by a "camp brotherhood," they used informal social networks to provide mutual support amid state and societal oppression. Decades later, they sought rehabilitation with the help of the newly formed Memorial Society-the civic organization largely responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union. In sharing their life stories and family archives with Memorial, they sustained an alternate history of the Soviet Union.Offering an unprecedented look at the legacies of mass repression under Stalin, After the Gulag explores how ordinary political prisoners from across the Soviet Union navigated life after release, using memoirs, letters, and art to translate their experiences and shape the politics of memory in post-Soviet Russia"--

Though the world's first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, was introduced over a decade ago, it was not until recently that it became a mainstream subject. While cryptocurrencies offer many advantages, a potential downside for governments, is that no central bank controls the monetary policy and new coins can be mined by anyone anywhere in the world. Governments have always been deeply involved with how a their countries' currency is ran and the policies they create are meant to keep a currencies' value stable and make sure other factors like inflation is under control. Even though as of 2021, there were well over 4,000 different cryptocurrencies, the focus of this study will be Bitcoin since it is the most popular and at this point, the most valuable in terms of market capitalization. The United States government has become more involved with investigating how cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin are used, and have issued statements on the ways terrorism groups or other threats to our National Security could be effected by Bitcoin. One way countries could undermine the National Security Posture of the United States is by mining Bitcoin to replace revenue from exports that have been adversely effected by sanctions. Given the decentralized nature of Bitcoin, would it be possible for countries under sanctions from the United States to supplement their lost revenue by mining the cryptocurrency? There are a several necessary resources needed to mine Bitcoin, and countries hoping to mine Bitcoin would need an abundance of these resources. For this research, data from the World Bank Database was used to find if there was any positive or negative correlation between countries with sanctions and access to these Bitcoin mining resources. In addition to analyzing this data, different case studies were also analyzed to see if any countries are attempting to mine Bitcoins already and if so, what has been the implications so far. Furthermore, literature on sanctions, data iii analysis, recent mining activity, and white papers for Bitcoin and ...

In the 1960s, Billy Graham and Carl Henry heralded evangelical identity as the crusade that would bolster Christian witness in the modern age. Recent scholarship, however, has labeled the movement a dramatic disappointment. Historian D.G. Hart contends that mainstream Christianity has become so inclusive that the label "evangelical" has ceased to mean anything intelligible, and Mark Noll echoes this critique by labeling evangelicalism a "scandal of the mind." Christianity's greatest hope for global gospel witness has proved a dissapointment. One window into this evangelical failure may be found in the prose works of sixteenth century poet John Milton. Far from derived from modern concerns, the ecclesiastical and political turmoil of Milton's day closely resembles the issue of evangelical identity in the twenty-first century, and the poet's response applies well to Christianity's contemporary situation. Milton's critique of iconography, developed in his political tracts, reveals that mental slavery is the true scandal of the evangelical mind. While many scholars recognize the crisis of Christian identity in the twenty first century, Milton's theory suggests that evangelicalism's incompetence results from a failure to distinguish between the movement itself and the theological identity it signifies.

This study used latent profile analysis to explore the interrelations of drive for muscularity (DM) and alexithymia among 505 men. Four unique classes of men emerged: (1) low endorsement of DM and alexithymia, (2) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and DM, (3) moderate endorsement of alexithymia and high endorsement of attitudinal and behavioral DM, and (4) high endorsement of DM attitudes and alexithymia, and low endorsement of DM behaviors. We explored relations between class membership and avoidant attachment, social pressure to be muscular, help-seeking attitudes, and body appreciation, using Class 1 as the reference group. Alexithymia and attitudinal DM, in the absence of behavioral DM, appear to be a particularly unhealthful constellation of alexithymia and DM.

Abstract Background The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has been estimated to be as high as 65% in some populations. However, there has been little objective research into the possible risks or benefits of unmanaged CAM therapies. Methods In this prospective study of active duty US Navy and Marine Corps personnel, the association between self-reported practitioner-assisted or self-administered CAM use and future hospitalization was investigated. Cox regression models were used to examine risk of hospitalization due to any cause over the follow-up period from date of questionnaire submission, until hospitalization, separation from the military, or end of observation period (June 30, 2004), whichever occurred first. Results After adjusting for baseline health, baseline trust and satisfaction with conventional medicine, and demographic characteristics, those who reported self-administering two or more CAM therapies were significantly less likely to be hospitalized for any cause when compared with those who did not self-administer CAM (HR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.86). Use of multiple practitioner-assisted CAM was not associated with a significant decrease or increase of risk for future hospitalization (HR = 1.86; 95 percent confidence interval = 0.96-3.63). Conclusion While there were limitations to these analyses, this investigation utilized an objective measure of health to investigate the potential health effects of CAM therapies and found a modest reduction in the overall risk of hospitalization associated with self-administration of two or more CAM therapies. In contrast, use of practitioner-assisted CAM was not associated with a protective effect.

Homeschooling is a permanently established segment of the American education landscape encompassing nearly 2 million children. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 21 Christian homeschooling fathers in the upper Midwest, this study examines fathers' perceptions of their place in the homeschooling movement and their rationalizations for homeschooling. The study's findings suggest that homeschooling fathers have a keen sense of their duty of nurturing the home as a "protective cocoon" where concerted moral cultivation can take place. This forms the basis of a system of "total socialization" aimed at negating the influence of competing socialization agents. But underlying perceptions of the home as a protective cocoon is a legitimation crisis stemming from a loss of faith in American public education and its capacity to act as an agent of moral socialization for today's youth.

Examines the political and administrative response of the ILEA to the Local Government Act 1985. Although best known as the Act abolishing the Greater London Council (GLC) and metropolitan counties, it also contained provisions for setting up a new and independent Inner London Education Authority. Looks briefly at the political campaign to ensure the authority's survival and then at the enormous task which faced the authority once the battle for survival had been won. Concentrates on the operation of the New Authority Sub-Committee which was responsible for planning the new ILEA. (PAS)

Repetitive head trauma provides a favorable milieu for the onset of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. The result of long-lasting head trauma is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a disease process well-recognized in boxers, military personnel, and more recently, in American football players. CTE is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with hallmarks of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) aggregates and intercellular lesions of neurofibrillary tangles. The criteria for CTE diagnosis requires at least 1–2 focal perivascular lesions of p-tau in the cerebral cortex, at the depth of the sulci. These pathognomonic lesions aggregate within neurons and glial cells such as astrocytes, and cell processes within the vicinity of small blood vessels. CTE presents in a distinct topographical distribution pattern compared to other tauopathies such as AD and other age-related astrogliopathies. CTE also has an insidious onset, years after repetitive head trauma. The disease course of CTE is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and can progress to altered motor function with parkinsonian-like manifestations in later stages. This short review aims to summarize CTE in professional football, epidemiology, diagnosis based on neuroanatomical abnormalities, cognitive degeneration, and adverse mental health effects, as well as gaps in the literature and future directions in diagnostics, therapeutics, and preventive measures.

Complex and dynamic interactions involving domestic animals, wildlife, and humans create environments favorable to the emergence of new diseases, or reemergence of diseases in new host species. Today, reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of tuberculosis in animals, and sometimes humans, exist in a range of countries and wild animal populations. Free-ranging populations of white-tailed deer in the US, brushtail possum in New Zealand, badger in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, and wild boar in Spain exemplify established reservoirs of M. bovis. Establishment of these reservoirs is the result of factors such as spillover from livestock, translocation of wildlife, supplemental feeding of wildlife, and wildlife population densities beyond normal habitat carrying capacities. As many countries attempt to eradicate M. bovis from livestock, efforts are impeded by spillback from wildlife reservoirs. It will not be possible to eradicate this important zoonosis from livestock unless transmission between wildlife and domestic animals is halted. Such an endeavor will require a collaborative effort between agricultural, wildlife, environmental, and political interests. ; Peer Reviewed