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Abstract
This article offers an insight into how the 'stateless' Rohingya refugees try to manage their survival in their host country through interethnic marriage. In response to the relative absence of comprehensive study on citizenship and integration of the Rohingya, it offers a critical account of the marriage between the nationals of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The major research question of the study was how the Rohingya refugees reconstruct the images of marriage, which they associate with citizenship and survival in the host country Bangladesh. The empirics of the study reveals that in the absence of adequate food, shelter, and security in refugee camps, Rohingya women try to manage their survival marrying Bangladeshi men with the hope of obtaining citizenship and other basic rights. Notwithstanding such interethnic marriages are 'illegal' that often involve polygamy, child marriage, or abandonment, both sides find potential advantages from marriages between two nations.

Bangladesh has both external and internal security concerns. As far as internal security is concerned, the list is of some length. It appears that the security sector, especially the police, has not been accountable, transparent and efficient in Bangladesh. Adequate and coherent measures for a holistic reform in the security sector have not been evident in Bangladesh. Moreover, there remains a lack of coordination and accountability even in the reforms undertaken. The effectiveness of any measures taken is further compromised by rampant corruption and bureaucratic lethargy. It is in this context that this article will aim to examine the functionality of the security sector in Bangladesh and the role of oversight mechanisms in making it more accountable to the people. The article will also discuss the key obstacles to reform in the security sector in Bangladesh.

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. Institutional environment of a country plays an important role for innovation activities. Our results confirm that external environment of emerging countries influence the R&D investment. Using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation of panel data for 664 firms from selected 20 emerging markets during the period of 2006–2013, we find that institutional quality has significant impact on R&D investment. The results show that government effectiveness, rule of law, and regularity quality have positive impact, while corruption and political instability have negative impact on R&D investment in the emerging markets. We also performed elasticity test to compare among the institutional factors. The results show that among the institutional determinants, corruption of a particular emerging country is found to be most important in influencing R&D investment followed by regularity quality, government effectiveness, rule of law, and political instability. These results would be helpful to investors and policy makers to assess the requirements of sustainable development. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that to attract more R&D investment as a source of sustainable development, government should ensure a sound and stable institutional environment along with strengthening other firm level factors as institutional factors are more important to explain the variation over the time and also cost effective in terms of implementation.

SummaryThe effects of marriage, contraception and post-partum lactational infecundability on fertility in Bangladesh are assessed by applying Bongaarts' formula to survey data for the period 1975–85.Marriage is universal and age at marriage is low. Breast-feeding is prolonged and has a pronounced effect on fertility. The fertility-reducing effect of contraception increased over the period through increased use of modern methods. The TFR declined by 24% from 1975 to 1985.

This paper examines the relationship between terrorism and innovation and the moderating role of venture capital. Using GMM-IV estimation of panel data from 140 countries covering the period of 2007-2016, we find that terrorism has negative impact on innovation. Interesting results emerge when we separated the developed countries from others. The results show that the impact of terrorism on innovation is lower in developed countries. This is due to the fact that strong institutional settings in developed countries makes the investors confident by providing support and incentives. Better institutional settings in developed countries also helps to reduce uncertainty which maximize innovation and minimize terrorism risk. We also find that venture capital positively moderates the terrorism and innovation relationship. This implies that by providing sufficient fund for technological development, venture capital may help to reduce terrorism risk. These results may guide the policy makers to find a business solution instead of lengthy political solution to mitigate terrorism risk in emerging countries. Overall, this paper will provide the basis for improving the counter-terrorism approaches from innovation perspective.

This paper examines the relationship between terrorism and innovation and the moderating role of venture capital. Using GMM-IV estimation of panel data from 140 countries covering the period of 2007-2016, we find that terrorism has negative impact on innovation. Interesting results emerge when we separated the developed countries from others. The results show that the impact of terrorism on innovation is lower in developed countries. This is due to the fact that strong institutional settings in developed countries makes the investors confident by providing support and incentives. Better institutional settings in developed countries also helps to reduce uncertainty which maximize innovation and minimize terrorism risk. We also find that venture capital positively moderates the terrorism and innovation relationship. This implies that by providing sufficient fund for technological development, venture capital may help to reduce terrorism risk. These results may guide the policy makers to find a business solution instead of lengthy political solution to mitigate terrorism risk in emerging countries. Overall, this paper will provide the basis for improving the counter-terrorism approaches from innovation perspective.