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This International Encyclopedia of Migration will define and explicate terms, concepts and key topics with widespread usage and recurring relevance for learning about and developing the fields of both international and internal migration. With migration being partly defined in the modern era by law and public policy, the subject includes knowledge not only from these areas but also from a full array of academic disciplines. Hence, this encyclopedia will include material from such fields as anthropology, archaeology, criminology, demography, economics, education, ethnic studies, geography, health sciences, history, law, linguistics, public policy, political science, psychology and sociology. As migration has been such an important part of the peopling of all parts of the world, this encyclopedia will also include synopses of major geographic movements from ancient and early history. The International Encyclopedia of Migration will be a significant resource for students, teachers, practitioners, scholars and researchers interested in or working on any aspect of migration in any field. It should be particularly useful for people seeking information and knowledge about migration from fields other than their own

"This book provides an original perspective on American immigration that transcends the standard compartmentalization of American immigration into separate Atlantic-European and Pacific-Asian spheres and narratives that has blocked a fuller view of inter-regionalism and globalism. In contrast, this volume reveals modern migration to the U.S. as a bridge connecting the multiple peoples of the Atlantic and Pacific regions. It focuses on cross-cultural change and mutual adaptation between European and Asian immigrants, an innovative process that produced global diversity and multicultural convergence"--Provided by publisher

A Companion to American Immigration is an authoritative collection of original essays by leading scholars on the major topics and themes underlying American immigration history.Focuses on the two most important periods in American Immigration history: the Industrial Revolution (1820-1930) and the Globalizing Era (Cold War to the present)Provides an in-depth treatment of central themes, including economic circumstances, acculturation, social mobility, and assimilationIncludes an introductory essay by the volume editor

Differences between the transnational identities fashioned by Japanese Americans living in HI during the 1920s & by Japanese Americans living in the present-day US are studied. Demographics of HI's early-20th-century Japanese American population are overviewed, & of the federal government's rationale for acculturating this community are provided. Personal narratives produced by Japanese American high school students in 1926 are analyzed to determine how members of this community constructed transnational identities. The study revealed that many students desired to function as cultural intermediaries between Japan & the US, & perceived traditional American & Japanese societies as sharing similar values. It is concluded that the replacement of American society's concern with creating an international melting pot with regard for establishing a global multicultural space is partially responsible for alterations in Japanese American transnational identities. 10 References. J. W. Parker

Provides a historical study of central state management of immigrant incorporation. The author's premise is that changing ideas about ethnic minorities & US immigration policy influenced the state's efforts to shape the status & rights of immigrants. Reviewed are the constitutional origins of immigrant status & citizenship, starting with the first English colonists in the 17th century; movement toward national immigration policies beginning in 1875 is addressed. Early regulatory mechanisms were based on race & national origin, but this trend was reversed starting in the 1940s with the rescinding of exclusionary laws & the expansion of social rights & entitlements to include immigrants. The author concludes with a discussion of avenues for further research. 118 References. J. R. Callahan

Provides a historical study of central state management of immigrant incorporation. The author's premise is that changing ideas about ethnic minorities & US immigration policy influenced the state's efforts to shape the status & rights of immigrants. Reviewed are the constitutional origins of immigrant status & citizenship, starting with the first English colonists in the 17th century; movement toward national immigration policies beginning in 1875 is addressed. Early regulatory mechanisms were based on race & national origin, but this trend was reversed starting in the 1940s with the rescinding of exclusionary laws & the expansion of social rights & entitlements to include immigrants. The author concludes with a discussion of avenues for further research. 118 References. J. R. Callahan

WWII had far-ranging effects on the role of the Asians in US society. Before the war, US fears of the Chinese had their embodiment in laws checking Asian immigration & barring Asian immigrants from becoming naturalized citizens. However, it is argued that the exigencies of wartime diplomacy with the US Chinese led to the liberalization of immigration & citizenship laws affecting all Asians. The 1943 political debate surrounding the Immigration Act of 1924, which had declared that nonwhite immigrants who could not become naturalized citizens -- including Asians -- could not immigrate to the US, is examined; this debate culminated with the repeal of the law. It is concluded that this action represented an unprecedented legal recognition by the government that Asians could become US citizens & paved the way for future reforms. J. Ferrari

In the early twentieth century, a drive for educational reform converged with the progressive movement in the street-car suburb of Somerville, Massachusetts to establish a local junior high school, an innovation that was sweeping through public school systems across the country (Krug, 1964: 327-335; Bunker, 1914; Annual Reports of Somerville, 1920: 183; Smith, 1920: 139). Proponents of the junior high school argued in national educational journals and scholarly monographs that this intermediate school would provide the special education appropriate for those students making the difficult transition from childhood to adolescence (Bonser, 1915; Judd, 1918; Briggs, 1920; Koos, 1921; Smith, 1926; Spaulding, 1927; Van Denberg, 1922; Thomas-Tindal and Myers, 1927). It would earlier supply, they said, "high-school type courses," and equip students with the managerial and technical skills increasingly demanded by the gradual expansion of the white-collar occupational sector in the early twentieth century (Foote and Hatt, 1953; Thernstrom, 1973: 50-51). These two features, a more mature educational setting and useful technical courses, would make the junior high school an effective device for keeping students in school longer and for attracting them to high school. It appealed to progressive reformers because it promised an extension of schooling, a better-informed citizenry, and improved vocational preparation. In early twentieth-century Somerville, middle-class ethnic Democrats, who sought these objectives, used the political process to install this educational reform.