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Poverty, Migration and the Transmission of HIV/AIDS in District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
In: Clinical Social Work, Band 12, Heft 3, S. 59-66
ISSN: 2076-9741
Poverty, a multifaceted concept has been defined as: hunger; lack of shelter; being sick and not being able to see a doctor; having no access to a job; lack of freedom: fear for the future. Historically, people have migrated from one place to another to increase their livelihood and improve the living standards of their left behind families, while the process of globalization has intensified the movement of people across the world. Although, migration has been an important source of remittance and help in socioeconomic uplift of migrant families, however; it has also negatively impacted migrants and their families. Migrants are exposed to different risks and vulnerabilities at their destinations, which exposes them to many other health problems including their exposure of contracting HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted in the District Lower Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan with the objectives to know the relationship between poverty, migration and transmission of HIV/AIDS. The study was qualitative in nature while the selection of the sample has been made under the purposive sampling technique. Primary data was collected from 12 respondents through in-depth interview using interview guide. The collected information was analyzed thematically in order to clarify the issue under study. The study concluded that migrants: face unsafe environments; lesser access to information and health services; precarious working and living condition; exposure to risky behaviors which put them at risk of contracting the disease.
Socio-cultural Factors and the Transmission of HIV/AIDS in Malakand Division: A Qualitative Analysis
In: Clinical Social Work, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 17-24
ISSN: 2076-9741
The epidemic of HIV/AIDS has devastating impacts on many societal features of both urban and rural communities. Cultural factors have been played a significant role in human decision making and behavior around health. In simple terms, culture basically refers to the traditions and customs upheld by societies and communities because of their belief systems and values, which guide their decisions and shape their thinking, actions, attitudes and behaviors. The role of culture has been of particular significance both in the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Certain cultural practices such as: gender inequalities; unequal access to health care services; injectable drug users; unequal access to economic resources and opportunities; and male dominancy contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS. The current study aims to investigate how various cultural factors contribute in the transmission of HIV/AIDS. The study was conducted in Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, while using a qualitative approach. Further, primary data was collected from 15 respondents through in-depth interview (using interview guide) while the selection of the sample was made through non-probability sampling using purposive sampling techniques. The collected information was qualitatively analyzed and a thematic discussion has been made for better understanding of the issue. The researchers also suggests some remedies.
Spreading Terrorism, Militancy, and Radicalization in Malakand Division Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan: An Analysis of the Economic Factors
In: Clinical Social Work, Band 13, Heft 3, S. 24-33
ISSN: 2076-9741
The current study is to analyze the causes of militancy, terrorism, and radicalization where multifarious factors are contributing towards spreading such behavior. However, the study is delimited to focus on the economic factors, including poverty, unemployment and other such factors that lead towards militancy, terrorism, and radical behavior in society. The field information was collected from 200 respondents using purposive sampling technique with stratified approach from 3 strata of the society including businessmen, teachers and clergy or religious class of age 20 and above. The data was collected through a structured interview schedule, and the analysis was made in the form of tables, discussion and the findings have been verified through chi-square test. The findings show that militancy, terrorism, and radicalization have their roots in deep rooted poverty, unemployment, and lack of other life facilities in the area. The study suggests proper planning for provision of jobs, equal distribution of resources among people and provision of life facilities to the masses.
Struggling for Survival: The Intricate Relationship between Poverty & Hiv/Aids In District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
In: Clinical Social Work, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 101-109
ISSN: 2076-9741
Assessing sustainable waste management practices in Rajshahi City Corporation: an analysis for local government enhancement using IoT, AI, and Android technology
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR
ISSN: 1614-7499
Ethical Leadership and Followers' Attitudes Toward Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Perceived Ethical Work Climate
In: Social behavior and personality: an international journal, Band 43, Heft 3, S. 353-365
ISSN: 1179-6391
Increasing attention is being paid to how leaders influence followers' perceptions of the importance of ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) for organizational effectiveness. However, few researchers have conducted empirical investigations into the impact of leadership style
on followers' attitudes toward CSR. In this study, participants comprised 313 employees of 5 large financial and banking service firms in Korea. Results indicated that ethical leadership was strongly associated with followers' rating of CSR. In addition, we examined how employees' perception
of ethical work climate mediates and moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and followers' attitudes toward CSR. Our findings supported a positive link between ethical leadership and followers' attitudes toward CSR, with perception of an ethical work climate acting as a significant
mediator and moderator in this relationship. Implications for leadership practice and CSR, and recommendations for future research directions are discussed.
The Rights to Marry, Property and Be Free from Torture: A Study on the Elderly of Rajshahi District in Bangladesh
Everybody deserves the right to marry, the right to property, and the right to be free from torture as fundamental rights. These rights are preserved by the state and have been incorporated in the constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. These are also recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) as fundamental rights. This study is an endeavor to depict a clear picture of human rights violation of the elderly people of a northern district of Bangladesh in the aspect of the right to marry, the right to property, and the right to be free from torture. These rights are very important for a human being and it is the responsibility of the state to protect these rights according to the highest law of Bangladesh. But the study found that these rights are often violated in several ways in the study area. Lack of ethical views, corruption, and weakness of law enforcement are the main hindrances responsible for this case. This research is based on both primary and secondary data. It recommends some suggestions to out away these impediments. Raising proper familial education with morals and values is very important in this sphere. The government has to be more active in the ground of law enforcement and social movement should be built massively against corruption.
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Why Older People Seek Health Information Online: A Qualitative Study
In: Advances in Gerontology, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 290-297
ISSN: 2079-0589
Right to Social Security of the Older People in Bangladesh: A Focus on Human Rights Violation
As the part of vulnerable groups, older people hold the rights to social security according to the Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). This study is launched for the purpose of revealing the picture of the facts and figures of the deprivation of social security as a human rights violation of the older people in Bangladesh. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources of data. It reviews the social security programs regarding older people such as, old age allowance, widow allowance and disability allowance. The study finds that the government has taken several programs, but these programs have not been successful in achieving targets due to corruption, nepotism and inadequate national economy. Most of the older people of Bangladesh cannot properly enjoy the right to social security. For raising awareness about rights and responsibilities, enhancing proper ethical education can be helpful to remove the obstacles. Raising a massive social movement against corruption and nepotism can also be helpful as the beacon of hope in the way of ensuring social security of the older people in Bangladesh.
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Impact of protected areas and co-management on forest cover: A case study from Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh
In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 113, S. 105932
ISSN: 0264-8377
SIR performance evaluation of MB-OFDM UWB system with residual timing offset
Signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) performance of a multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra-wideband system with residual timing offset is investigated. To do so, an exact mathematical derivation of the SIR of this system is derived. It becomes obvious that, unlike a cyclic prefixing based system, a zero padding based system is sensitive to residual timing offset. ; This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant, funded by the Korean government (MSIP) no. 2010-0018116. ; Islam, SMR.; Ullah, S.; Lloret, J.; Ullah, N.; Kwak, KS. (2015). SIR performance evaluation of MB-OFDM UWB system with residual timing offset. Electronics Letters. 51(5):427-429. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2014.3967 ; S ; 427 ; 429 ; 51 ; 5
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A Study on the Impact of Refugee Influx on the Agricultural Service, Systems and Products;: The Case of Rohingya Refugees in Teknaf, Bangladesh
In: Asian Journal of Human Services, Band 26, Heft 0, S. 135-151
ISSN: 2186-3350, 2188-059X
Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
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