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From the standpoint of biocultural co-constructivism methodology, the article analyzes the phenomenon of musicality, which is understood as a set of intonation-rhythmic patterns that can act as predictors of a number of cognitive traits already in the process of neurogenesis. The authors claim that this phenomenon has the status of a universal of human existence, which is an integral neurophysiological factor in the formation of analytical, verbal-logical and linguistic components of reasoning. Analysis of the numerical nature of the rhythmic component of innate ontogenetic structures makes it possible to show the general points of growth of artistic, proto-mathematical and mathematical cognitive abilities in the process of ontogenesis. It is shown that synchronization, expressed in resonance (or asynchronization) of mental processes at the level of neural systems in which ideas about beauty are genetically "tuned", is associated with the status of the golden ratio and Fibonacci numbers. The processes of synchronization can be assessed as indicators of the harmonious relationships of nature, humans, and particular features of cognitive potential, aesthetic perception, and the formation of musical tastes. This may be considered as an argument in favor of the numerical nature of music being a relatively autonomous cognitive activity in the process of self-organization of mental systems, in the field of which the functional and structural patterns of the golden ratio play the role of the fundamental creative and hedonistic components. The article substantiates the correlative relationship between harmony and the golden ration in the context of the search for factors of optimality for the functioning of physiological parameters of living systems. The nature of this relationship speaks in favor of the conceptual enrichment of methodology in the field of modern cognitive research, which is associated with a revision of the reductionist type of fundamental concepts and attitudes towards holism, the ratio of the intuitive and discursive components of the cognitive process.

This study presents analyses of developing process of the regulatory framework and the results of the implementation of the organizational reform of the Russian Empire gendarmerie in the mid-1860s – early 1880s. The process of developing the regulatory framework for the reform was intense and productive, which was not typical of Russian lawmaking. Analyzing the implementation of the reform, the authors examine two contradictory, but interrelated processes: the elimination of post-reform units and the process of formation of various types of units at the local, regional and central levels. A new type of local subdivisions is being formed "security departments", subsequently playing an important role in the functioning of the institute. It is noted that on the territory of the national outskirts, the process of formation of local post-reform bodies had certain peculiarities. In general, the organizational reform was an adequate response to the challenges of the time, had a positive impact on the functioning of the institute and its results were sustainable.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of reproducibility (repeatability, replica­tion), its terminological variations and grounds for assessing the current stage of development of science as a crisis in terms of reproducibility (verification) of scientific research results and their acquisition of intersubjective status. Attention is drawn to the fact that judgments about the crisis of reproducibility apply to al­most all areas of science, including such (often called exact) sciences such as physics and chemistry. We claim that understanding the phenomenon of repro­ducibility directly affects decision-making policy towards science (regulation of the activity of scientific directions and their funding). At the same time, the situ­ation in the social, humanitarian and biomedical sciences is of particular con­cern, since the level of reproducibility here is quite low. This applies to modern neuroscience as well. From the point of view of epistemological view, it is pro­posed to interpret reproducibility procedures as an attempt to overcome funda­mental limitations associated with measurement processes. It is shown that un­derstanding the meaning and significance of these procedures depends on the opinion of the disciplinary scientific communities, which differ in their ap­proaches to the criteria of reproducibility and follow different cognitive tradi­tions and attitudes. It is emphasized that in the social and humanitarian fields of knowledge it is necessary to take into account the "contextuality" of the mea­surement process, the constant and inevitable dynamics of the characteristics of society, culture and the person himself. All this push us to think about the prob­lem of defining the boundaries of de-anthropologization of scientific knowledge. An attempt is made to comprehend the phenomenon of reproducibility through the lens of the interval approach, and it is stated that reproducibility (ontologi­cally) is limited by the "pervasive inaccuracy of the real world" (L. Zadeh).