Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- Draper and the new Protestant historiography -- White and the search for a "religion pure and undefiled" -- English Protestantism and the history of conflict -- American new theology and the evolution of religion -- Youmans and the "peacemakers" -- Reading Draper and White : a failed reconciliation -- Conclusions.

This article reconstructs the change made by Habermas from exclusive secularism years before 1989 to his vision of a post-secular society, defended primarily in a series of works from the last ten years. The author argues that, despite this significant change, Habermas's conception remains, in the philosophical level, a questionable tax secularist vision imprinting Kantian reason. From the perspective of sociological theory, Habermas's vision is problematic because it projects a new type of society for something that is at best a minority phenomenon, specifically religious content translation to secular content through a rational dialogue between citizens. Unlike this Kantian and hyperbolic vision of a "post-secular society", the author suggests an idea less rationalistic and more nuanced interactions between discursive and non-discursive religious practice and democratic practice. Adapted from the source document.

In this Article, we submit that the compensation structures at banks before the financial crisis were not necessarily flawed and that recent reforms in this area largely reflect already existing best practices. In Part I we review recent empirical studies on corporate governance and executive pay at banks and suggest that there is no strong support for regulating bankers' compensation structures. We also argue that detailed regulation of incentives would subtract essential decisionmaking powers from boards of directors and make compensation structures too rigid. In Part II we note that political support for regulating bankers' pay has been strong and led to reforms promoting long- term incentives to executives on the assumption that short-term incentives were a cause of the crisis. The Financial Stability Board Principles for Sound Compensation Practices (the "Principles') follow this trend, at the same time representing a political compromise between the various interest groups concerned. They pick up traditional compensation criteria from pre-crisis best practices, adapting them to the post-crisis setting, while leaving some flexibility in pay structures. We suggest that a certain degree of flexibility should be kept when implementing the Principles in national jurisdictions. In Part III we analyze the regulatory developments concerning executive pay at banks in Europe and find variations in the implementation of the Principles. We also show that remuneration policies at large European banks are converging toward the international Principles, while varying in the implementation of individual standards. However, recent EU reforms may change the situation considerably by imposing detailed requirements as to pay structures in the financial sector. The analysis in Parts I, II, and III speaks directly to this issue by explaining why historic baselines will prove effective in certain applications but decidedly problematic in others.