Suchergebnisse

Renewable energy is becoming very important as a way to mitigate climate change and promote job creation. Colombia is not excluded from this reality, being a country with huge renewable resources and the challenge to give employment to thousands or rebels, signing the peace process. This paper studies the potential effects of the new regulation to promote the development of renewable energy technologies in Colombia. Two incentives are analyzed: tax deductions on the investment and accelerated depreciation on assets. The work also establishes a methodology to include the effects of tax incentives in the calculation of the Levelized Cost Of Electricity (LCOE). The results show up to 20% reduction in the LCOE; unfortunately, the regulation restricts small or new business to apply for all incentives. For this reason, two complementary mechanisms (granting five years as grace period for loan repayment and lower discount rate as subsidy from the government) are proposed in order to allow small business ventures such as forest biomass projects apply to incentives. As a result, 30% reduction in the LCOE is obtained for photovoltaics (PV) and 15% for forest biomass; being the last one a great opportunity in Colombia because of the huge amount of biomass resources and its potential to create new job opportunities.

Los estudios sobre calidad de la educación han evolucionado para incorporar diversas variables y meto­dologías. Este artículo incluye, además de variables de los individuos y de las instituciones, el contexto social y político como determinante del logro académico de los estudiantes. Metodológicamente, el estudio considera un modelo de datos (multinivel) con el fin de medir con mayor precisión los factores que explican el aprovechamiento escolar. Así, el objetivo central de este trabajo es realizar una evaluación de los determinantes del rendimiento académico en el municipio de Medellín, Colombia. Los resultados dan cuenta de la importancia de factores como el estrato socioeconómico, el sexo, el carácter público o privado del colegio, el acceso a internet, la formación de los padres, las políticas instrumentadas por los actores públicos y algunas características del colegio, entre otras, para alcanzar mejores resultados. ; Studies on education quality have evolved in order to incorporate several variables and methodologies. This article also includes several variables of individuals and institutions, the social and political context as a determinant of students' scientific achievement. Methodologically, the study considers a data mo­del (multilevel) with the purpose of, more precisely, measuring the factors which explain the academic progress. In this way, the main objective of this work is to carry out an evaluation of academic progress in Medellin municipality, Colombia. Results account for the importance of factors such as socioeconomic stratum, gender, kind of institution: public or private high school, access to internet, parents' education level, policies supported by public agents, and some characteristics of the institution, among others, how to reach better results. ; Os estudos sobre qualidade da educação evoluíram para incorporar diferentes variáveis e métodos. Este artigo inclui, além das variáveis dos indivíduos e das instituições, o contexto social e político como um determinante do desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes. Metodologicamente, o estudo considera um modelo de dados (a vários níveis) a fim de medir mais precisamente os fatores que explicam o des­empenho escolar. Assim, o objetivo central deste trabalho é a realização de uma avaliação abrangente dos determinantes do desempenho escolar do município de Medellín, na Colômbia. Os resultados dão conta da importância de fatores tais como nível socioeconômico, sexo, natureza pública ou privada do colégio, o acesso à internet, a formação dos pais, as políticas implementadas por agentes públicos e algumas características do Colégio; entre outros, para alcançar melhores resultados.

This article shows the territorial and temporal variations of the armed conflict in the region of the El Caguan. The explanations which associate the region only with the exclusive domain of the FARC, with coca crops, and the absence of the State, are addressed in it, and also, the territory is considered to be a homogeneous and undifferentiated reality. To propose that the armed conflict in the El Caguan has not been a continuous and homogeneous process, but which was developed heterogeneously in space and time, with large variations according to the dynamics of the population and the social and political settings of the territory. That is why in this article, the factors that explain the modalities of inclusion, intensity discrete levels of the armed conflict in the foothills of San Vicente del Caguan and the middle and lower areas of the Caguan River will be shown. These differences must be taken into account to meet the challenges posed by the current negotiation with the FARC and they are the input to realize what has been called the territorial dimension of the post-conflict. ; En este artículo se muestran las variaciones temporales y territoriales del conflicto armado en la región del El Caguán. Se interpelan las explicaciones que asocian la región solamente con el dominio exclusivo de la FARC, con los cultivos de coca y con la ausencia del estado, y que además, consideran al territorio como una realidad homogénea e indiferenciada. Para proponer que el conflicto armado en El Caguán no ha sido un proceso continuo y homogéneo, sino que se desarrolló de manera heterogénea en el espacio y el tiempo, con grandes variaciones según las dinámicas del poblamiento y la configuración social y política del territorio. Por esoen este artículo serán mostrados los factores que explican las modalidades de inserción, niveles de intensidad diferenciados del conflicto armado en el piedemonte de San Vicente del Caguán y en la zona media y baja del Río Caguán. Esas diferencias, deben ser tenidas en cuenta para enfrentar los retos que impone la actual negociación con las FARC y son insumo para concretar lo que se ha denominado la dimensión territorial de postconflicto.

This article is focused on the consideration and critique of some of the ideas exposed by the contemporary reflection on the normative models for a new international order. First, it discuses Rawls argumentative strategies, in which it is exposed the cosmopolitan idea of the transformation of the world order, beginning from the global economic justice requirement. Second, it demonstrates that the approach of Pogge's global justice is insufficient because although he formulates a global redistributive proposal, it does not touch the problem concerning the transformation of the relational power system within the current capitalist order. Lastly, it presents Cristina Lafont's proposal for a human rights pluralist model, and considers, critically, her perspective for a regulatory-oriented world economic politics, within the new discourse on human rights. ; En este artículo se consideran y critican algunas de las propuestas planteadas en la discusión contemporánea sobre los modelos normativos para un nuevo orden internacional. Primero, se discute la estrategia argumentativa de Rawls, en la cual se opone a la idea cosmopolita de una transformación del orden internacional a partir de las exigencias de justicia económica global. Segundo, se muestra que la propuesta de justicia global planteada por Pogge es insuficiente, porque aunque formula una propuesta redistributiva global, no plantea el problema de la transformación del sistema de relaciones de poder en el orden capitalista actual. En tercer lugar es presentada la propuesta de Cristina Lafont de un modelo pluralista de los derechos humanos y considerada críticamente su perspectiva de construcción de una política que se oriente a la regulación del orden económico mundial, enmarcada en un nuevo discurso de los derechos humanos.

El artículo presenta la crítica de Amartya Sen al modelo antropológico que subyace a la concepción de la economía neoclásica (sobre todo en sus versiones utilitarista y de la elección racional), para exponer luego la concepción de sujeto que ofrece el enfoque de las capacidades y la noción del desarrollo como libertad. ; The paper presents Amartya Sen's critique of the anthropological model that underlies the conception of neoclassical economics (especially in its utilitarian and rational choice versions), in order to present the conception of subject offered by the abilities approach and then the notion of development as freedom.