Suchergebnisse

The research presented in this article aims to identify and to analyze the cases of environmental conflicts in the microrregião de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. For this were performed data surveys were conducted in the archives of the Ministério Público regarding the municipalities of microrregião in study and a workshop with various social movements of the mesorregião da Zona da Mata. From this survey on we check the conflict established between environmental legislation and farm workers, and also the concentration of the penalty on small cases of violations of environmental legislation. Thus, we conclude that to think about environmental conflicts is require the recognition of inequalities of power and the different types of knowledge and rationalities involved in the appropriation of natural resources by society. ; A pesquisa apresentada neste artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os casos de conflitos ambientais na microrregião de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para isso foram realizados levantamentos de dados nos arquivos do Ministério Público referentes aos municípios da microrregião em estudo e uma oficina com vários movimentos sociais da mesorregião da Zona da Mata. A partir desse levantamento verificamos o conflito estabelecido entre a legislação ambiental e os produtores agrícolas, e também a concentração da penalização sobre os pequenos casos de infração à legislação ambiental. Assim, concluímos que para se pensar os conflitos ambientais é necessário o reconhecimento das desigualdades de poder e os diferentes tipos de conhecimentos e racionalidades envolvidos na apropriação dos recursos naturais pela sociedade.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crushed sugarcane in the diet on the performance, bone characteristics and intestinal morphology of slow-growing broiler strains. A total of 448 chickens at 35 days of age were allotted to two randomized blocks in a 4×2 factorial arrangement (levels of feed replacement with crushed sugarcane, on a fresh-matter basis: 0, 15, 30, and 45%) and two strains (Pesadão and Label Rouge (LR)). Two replicates were used per block over time (containing the treatments and the strains), and 14 individuals were used per experimental unit. Weight gain and feed intake decreased linearly in response to the increasing sugarcane levels. Feed intake was higher in the Pesadão strain than in LR. Chicken foot weight was lower in Pesadão than in LR. There were no effects of sugarcane levels or strains on the tarsometatarsal bone weight, breaking strength, maximum load and deformation. The dry matter (DM) content of the tarsometatarsal bone was lower in LR than in Pesadão. The replacement of feed with sugarcane induced a linear increase in bone ash content and a decrease in bone phosphorus and calcium contents. Label Rouge chickens showed a greater crypt depth and lower values of villus/crypt ratio and mucosal layer thickness. The performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens are negatively affected by increasing sugarcane levels in the diet. In addition, the increasing intake of sugarcane changes the bone mineral composition without reducing mechanical resistance, in both the Pesadão and Label Rouge strains.

The aim of this study was to examine the use of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of poultry offal oil used in the pet food industry. Five commercial synthetic and two natural antioxidants were used in the following treatments: Control (CON); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95); CON + (BHT + BHA); CON + (BHA + PG + CA); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH70); CON + BHA; CON + (ASC + rosemary); and CON + (ASC + tocopherols). Inclusion levels were 0.5% for the synthetic and 0.625% for the natural antioxidants. Oxidative stability was determined at three temperatures (90, 110 and 130 ºC). To determine the fatty acid profile, the original sample of the offal oil was considered a negative control. The fatty acids were determined based on the preparation of methyl esters by a transesterification reaction with methanol in alkaline medium, followed by gas chromatography analysis. The different fatty acid types were identified by comparing the retention times of the fatty acid methyl ester standards with the retention times of the observed peaks. Compositional data analysis was carried out. Without the use of antioxidant, induction time is shorter, resulting in lower oxidative stability of the offal oil and consequent loss of its quality due to less time taken to oxidize. The antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA better preserved the essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic). Natural antioxidants exhibited higher oxidation, with higher proportions of saturated fatty acids and the worst ω6:ω3 ratios. In conclusion, the synthetic antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA provided greater protection against oxidation and better preserved the essential fatty acids. The natural antioxidants tested in the present study did not provide satisfactory protection.