"In the future papers of this nature will be published in the University of Wisconsin studies in the social sciences and history."--vol. 9, p. [3]. ; No more published. ; Mode of access: Internet.
THE COLONIAL EXPERIENCE MATTERS. IT STRETCHED SOME THREE CENTURIES IN LATIN AMERICA, MORE THAN HALF THE PERIOD SINCE THE INITIAL CONFRONTATION OF AMERINDIAN PEOPLES AND EUROPEAN COLONIZERS IN 1492. IN SOMEWHAT TRANSMUTED FORM, THE LEGACIES OF COLONIAL RULE CONDITIONED THE CONTOURS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS, ECONOMIC LIFE, CULTURE, AND POLITICAL STRUGGLE IN THE NINETEENTH AND, IN SOME REGIONS, THE TWENTIETH CENTURIES. IT IS THIS RESILIENT GRIP ON THE PAST THAT HAS MADE TERMS SUCH AS "NEOCOLONIAL" SO APPEALING IN DISCUSSION OF POST COLONIAL HISTORY (SEE HALPERIN DONGHI, 1969; STEIN AND STEIN, 1970). THE COLONIAL EXPERIENCE HAS ALSO PROVED CRITICAL IN POLITICAL AND THEORETICAL DEBATE ABOUT LATIN AMERICA'S CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE CONDITION. CONTROVERSIAL THEORISTS OF DEPENDENCY AND WORLD SYSTEMS SUCH AS ANDRE GUNDER FRANK (1969) AND IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN (1976) HAVE USED THE COLONIAL PERIOD AS FUNDAMENTAL POINT OF DEPARTURE FOR THE ARGUMENT THAT LATIN AMERICA HAS LONG BEEN "CAPITALIST" RATHER THAN "FEUDAL." CRITICS OF THESE THEORISTS HAVE, IN TURN, USED THE COLONIAL PERIOD AS A "FEUDAL" BENCHMARK (LACLAU, 1971). EVERY VISION OF THE PRESENT AND FUTURE INCLUDES A VISION OF THE PAST; IN THE LATIN AMERICAN CASE, THE COLONIAL EXPERIENCE AND ITS "NEOCOLONIAL" REPERCUSSIONS ARE AT THE CORE OF THIS CHARGED AND STILL UNRESOLVED PAST. ON ANY OF THE GROUNDS JUST MENTIONED-SHEER PROPORTIONAL WEIGHT IN POSTCONQUEST HISTORY, IMPORTANCE AS A SOURCE OF LEGACIES CONDITIONING POSTCOLONIAL TRAJECTORIEPY: 1985
RATHER UNEXPECTEDLY, WE HAVE BEEN HEARING OF A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN OVERSIGHT ACTIVITY BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS AND STATE LEGISLATURES. PROFESSOR ETHRIDGE ATTRIBUTES THIS DEVELOPMENT TO CHANGES IN INTEREST GROUP POLITICS THAT MAKE CERTAIN KINDS OF OVERSIGHT POLITICALLY PROFITABLE. HE GOES ON TO ARGUE THAT LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEES CHARGED WITH OVERSIGHT ARE ABLE TO SUBDUE OPPOSITION TO THEIR WORK BY ADOPTING INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES THAT BOTH LIMIT AND LEGITIMIZE THEIR DECISIONS.
"By that time, Duncan had commenced her experiment on "Greek dance" (later known as early modern dance), often performing in the semi-private salons of her patrons, a close circle of wealthy noble American Grecophile expatriates. Though yet to make a name for her dance, Duncan had already become a controversial figure in the Parisian upper-class society, as she danced in ancient Greek-style tunic that highlighted "her lightly-clad, bare-limbed female body." Sometime around 1902, Yu Rongling took a major role, as a certain "goddess" from Greek mythology, in one of Duncan's Greek dramatic dances performed either publicly or semi-publicly in Paris. A teenaged girl from the Manchu court of the Qing Empire - characteristically depicted by the Western press as backward, conservative, and xenophobic - danced gracefully as a Greek goddess, barefoot and thinly-clad, in front of a Parisian upper-class audience. This dancing cosmopolitan figure, characterized by temporal, racial, and geo-cultural hybridity, could be norm-defying for the audience at the turn of the century who had just witnessed the end of the Victorian era. Note that about a mere year earlier, when Duncan first performed in Parisian salons, her solo body and simple tunic shocked her unprepared elite audiences "accustomed to very different styles of dance and performance" (such as Anna Pavlova's classical ballet and Loïe Fuller's skirt dance), let alone the broader audiences at high art theaters."