Suchergebnisse

Using the example of Nuremberg, the study follows the attempt to use imperial cities for the purpose of the pope and the Roman Curia to unseat the Utraquist George of Poděbrady from the Bohemian throne and launch a new crusade against the Czechs. It analyses their position as military powers and, to a lesser extent, intelligence centres, and shows the composition of city councils and their eff orts to maintain independent political progress. URL: https://www.upjs.sk/filozoficka-fakulta/katedra-historie/10984/

Several women have been successful candidates in Latin American presidential elections during the last decade. But this historical success has been limited to only a few countries in the region. What are the main causes of this variation? The article develops arguments stemming from the institutionalist theory and proposes that electoral-institutional characteristics of the countries should be considered to be important determinants. The variables which increase the electoral system permissiveness for women are the electoral formula for the presidential election, the constitutional rules that prohibit the election of relatives of former presidents, the presence of legislative quotas for the election of women and the prohibition of immediate presidential reelection. The effect of institutional permissiveness is not automatic but is conditional based on the level of human development. Methodologically, we estimate a regression model to explain the percentage of votes for women in the last three presidential elections in 19 Latin American countries. The validity of the model is further confirmed through the identification and analysis of outliers and influential cases. ; En la última década, varias mujeres han sido candidatas exitosas en las elecciones presidenciales latinoamericanas. Pero este logro histórico ha estado limitado a pocos países de la región. ¿Cuáles son las causas principales de que en unos países las mujeres sean candidatas exitosas y en otros países no? Este artículo desarrolla argumentos basados en la teoría institucionalista y propone que es necesario buscar las explicaciones en las características institucionales de los países. Los elementos que incrementan la permisividad de los sistemas electorales para la elección de las mujeres son la fórmula electoral para la elección presidencial, las reglas constitucionales que prohíben la elección de los parientes de los expresidentes, la presencia de cuotas legislativas para la elección de mujeres y la prohibición de la reelección presidencial inmediata. El efecto de la permisividad institucional no es automático sino que está condicionado al nivel de desarrollo humano de la sociedad. Metodológicamente, se estima un modelo de regresión con el fin de explicar el porcentaje de votos que obtuvieron las mujeres en las últimas tres elecciones presidenciales en 19 países latinoamericanos. Sin embargo, la validez del modelo se confirma posteriormente con la identificación de casos anómalos.

This article presents the perspectives of elementary art school teachers on the difficulties and challenges associated with distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic. In eight survey questions, teachers evaluate its limitations and potential positives.

In 2021, a research was conducted in the Hradec Kralove Region, the aim of which was to find out how teachers and parents of pupils in the field of music in basic art schools view changes in the educational process in connection with distance education. The paper informs about the development of research and presents the first few, already evaluated results.