Suchergebnisse

Purpose – The study concerns the National Institute of Oncology, which is the largest medical research institute in Poland. It presents the development of the institution and evaluates the scientific, research and treatment activities as well as the financial situation of the above‑mentioned institutions. Research method – The article is a case study. The method of examining documents and data contained in the annual activity reports of the Director of the NIO and its financial statements for the years 2017–2021 has been used. In evaluation the Institute, the indicators for public healthcare entities included in the regulation of the Minister of Health has been applied. Results – The National Institute of Oncology conducts extensive research and develops innovative treatment methods that are practically used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. He actively participates in a task of exceptional importance for improving public health in Poland, i.e. the National Oncology Strategy. The difficult financial situation of the entity is gradually improving. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The issue of medical research institutes is not handled in the literature on public health or public finance. Therefore, this publication fills the existing gap to some extent and is part of the series of articles devoted to the above‑mentioned issues, implemented by the authors. entities.

Purpose – The article is devoted to one of the medical research institutes supervised by the Minister of Health, i.e. the Institute of Rural Medicine in Lublin. The aim of the study is to evaluate the activity of the institution in terms of fulfilling its tasks and to diagnose its financial situation. Research method – The article is an example of a case study. It uses the method of examining documents and data contained in the IMW financial statements published on the websites of the Ministry of Health for the years 2019–2021. On their basis, the structure of revenues and the financial standing of the entity were assessed using profitability, liquidity, efficiency and debt ratios. Results – The activities of the IMW concern primarily the provision of hospital services. Fulfilling the scientific and research role is of secondary importance. The financial situation of the Institute is difficult. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Issues related to medical research institutes are not covered in either the public health or public finance literature. The considerations, analysis and conclusions drawn in it fill the existing gap to some extent and are part of the ongoing series devoted to medical research institutes.

The aim of the article was to compare NUTS3 level regions in the Czech Republic in terms of their competitiveness understood as an outcome of the four following dimensions: economic, social, innovative and environmental. The study of competitiveness was intended to verify the thesis of the legitimacy of concentrating development policy (especially in terms of spending EU funds) in the capital city of Prague as the region with the highest potential, providing the greatest guarantees of their effective use. In the article, using the Hellwig method (i.e. relative distances from the benchmark), an empirical analysis of regional competitiveness was carried out. The occurring developmental asymmetry was confirmed by empirical data. Prague is the leader outclassing the other regions in economic, social and innovative dimensions. In a country with significant developmental disparities, disadvantaged units are unable to compete and thus become underdeveloped regions. Praguecentrism therefore causes the increase in development divergence in the Czech Republic. This phenomenon will grow, regardless of the regional development policy.

Over the centuries the identity of the peasants has evolved. It was largely influenced by the experiences of generations, shaped by history, socio-economic and political situation; it changed under the influence of the conditions in which they lived. The peasants' belonging to a specific community constituted the basis of their values and had a significant impact in all possible relationships. Identity – the authenticity of peasants was perpetuated in their long and quaint history, in the very difficult and peculiar existence of this social class. It was shaped in the course of centuries of hard work in closed peasant culture and customs. The serfdom system lasted 400 years, and these 400 years long the peasant identity was shaped. It is not surprising that despite the change in social conditions, they still remained in the shackles of the serfdom determined mentality. The formation of a certain type of personality, which lasted for a very long time, is considered an undoubted consequence of serfdom. Peasants constituted the cornerstone of society and the nation for the politicians of the Polish People's Party "Piast", they were the inspiration for their political concepts and actions. The article attempts to prove to what extent the living conditions of peasants determined their identity and to what extent the impact of activities of PSL Piast contributed to the transformation of their identity.

This article aims to present and analyse the assessment of the ethnic policy of the Polish state made on the basis of the Fourth Opinion on Poland of the Advisory Committee of the Council of Europe on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and on the basis of the Third Report of the Committee of Experts on the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The main thesis of the work is the statement that although the ethnic policy of the Polish state has not changed in the analyzed period, some actions of the Polish authorities testify to their certain unfavorability towards the extension of the rights of national minorities, and even in some cases the desire to reduce these rights. The article uses a number of research methods. The most important of them are institutional and legal analysis, factorial method and comparative method.

Purpose – The aim of the article is to indicate EU funds and programs for 2021–2027 supporting the climate and energy transformation, from the perspective of the tasks of local government. Research method – Several methods were used in the research: literature studies, review of EU legislation and budgets, national programs, descriptive and comparative analysis. Results – In the context of the political and energy crisis, the goal of achieving climate neutrality of the EU economy in 2050 and intermediate targets by 2030 has increased the importance of climate and energy targets and their inclusion in the mainstream of EU policy and budget. In the years 2021–2027, it is planned to allocate at least 30% of the general budget expenditure, including Recovery and Resilience Facility, to them. The reduction of GHG emissions, improvement of energy efficiency and decarbonization of the economy were subordinated to the Cohesion Policy funds and Just Transition Fund, the CAP funds, CEF, LIFE Programme, etc. Integrating EU and national resources and different financing mechanisms are key to the success of the climate and energy transformation in local governments. Originality /value /implications /recommendations – Due to the scale of climate and energy transformation in Poland and budget constraints reported by local governments, the article has an application value, complementing research on the decarbonization of the economy.

Purpose – The aim of the article is to analyze the level of Poland's energy security in comparison with the other European Union countries. Research method – The study was based on an index analysis with the use of selected economic indicators of the level of energy security. Results – The highest level of energy security, taking into account selected indicators, occurs in countries such as Sweden, Finland, and Estonia, and the lowest in Malta, Belgium, and Luxembourg. As regards Poland, it is characterized by a high degree of import independence, which may indicate a high level of energy security. Poland has also a higher share of RES in final energy consumption than the EU average. However, when analyzing the energy intensity of the economy, it should be noted that Poland has one of the highest levels in this respect. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The literature on the subject is dominated by descriptions and characteristics of various methods of assessing the state of energy security of the country (including quantitative methods). At the same time, there is a noticeable lack of analysis of the level of energy security in Poland with the use of economic indicators. The research undertaken in the article thus deepens the analyses carried out so far and will be the basis for further considerations on the economic aspect of Poland's energy security.

The aim of the publication is to analyze Turkey's reaction to Russia's aggression towards Ukraine. The research will first identify the following independent variables which determine Turkey's response to Russia's aggression against Ukraine: the geostrategic importance of the Black Sea, the multidimensional cooperation between Turkey and Ukraine, the interdependence of Turkey and Russia, and the economic crisis in Turkey. Secondly, the strategy of the analyzed reaction will be discussed together with the justification for its choice. Third, the diplomatic, political, military, and humanitarian actions undertaken by Turkey in response to the war in Ukraine will be analyzed. A methodological assumption has been made, with which Turkey's reaction to Russia's aggression against Ukraine (the dependent variable) is conditioned by independent variables functioning simultaneously on two levels: the international system and the domestic system. Four research hypotheses will be verified in the article.

Health security is a dimension of international security, resulting from the securitization of its threats. The article proposes to include health security in the second generation of non-military dimensions of security (the first generation being those proposed by the Copenhagen school). The aim of the article is to analyze the specificity, i.e., autonomization, of health security in relation to: 1) the specificity of threats; 2) securitization of these threats; 3) determination of the referent object; 4) ensuring health security. The focus was on the structure of the phenomenon and the structure of each of its elements. Firstly, the specificity of securitization of health threats by a political entity such as the United States was analyzed in particular. Secondly, the human individual was taken into account as susceptible to health hazards. Thirdly, actions for health security were analyzed at the level of the international system and at the level of national health care systems.

The issue of old women was not a priority topic in the press. It appeared indirectly, most often when describing other social issues. It accompanied the problems of social exclusion due to gender, age, financial condition, education, and professional status. Three separate images of old women emerged on the pages of the interwar press for Polish women. Firstly, there was the image of a matron, that is a dignified married woman, a mother, a tireless social activist who skilfully combined sacrificial work for the benefit of the family and the interests of the community. The figure of a matron was identified with noble features of a woman who demanded a lot from herself, becoming a moral role model for other women. In turn, in the image of the old lady, there was a tendency to show a younger, modernized version of the matron. The lady was ready to introduce innovative elements of family, social and professional life. She knew how to modernize the work of social associations. The third image contained the representation of poor, lonely, hopeless old age. It reflected the vision of an old woman who experienced material poverty, unemployment and homelessness.

The question of European integration in the political thought of the peasant movement in Central and Eastern Europe appeared many times since the second half of the 19th century. In the period of partitions, people searched for paths to freedom and independence. The ideas of creating multinational political organisms were to be means for obtaining a certain degree of subjectivity. Poles saw development opportunities in the federation within the Habsburg monarchy. On the other hand, the union of the peoples of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, mainly Lithuanians, Belarusians and Ukrainians – there was an apparent chance joint struggle with the Russian invader. The geopolitics of the region, constructed in the result of the First World War, meant that the newly created Central European states found themselves between Germany and Russia – both of which were states with imperialist traditions. The question of the union of states, or mainly peasant parties in the political thought of the Polish and European peasant movements appeared several times, but in the 1930s it was rather an addition to the programs of these parties. Initially, the Poles sought an agreement mainly with neighbours facing similar threats. When the implementation of these plans failed, their programs contented with peaceful international cooperation based on the League of Nations.