Suchergebnisse

Disability is an important issue found in every society. People with disabilities belong to a category of people at high risk of social exclusion, including on the labour market. In the first part of the article, the authors explain the meaning of the term 'person with a disability'. The following parts discuss the legal basis for the freedom to choose work in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the regulations of the International Labour Organisation and the United Nations. In addition, employment opportunities for persons with disabilities on the open and sheltered labour market will be briefly introduced. The authors also draw attention to the possibility of using new forms of employment in the context of activating this social group.

In this article the authors analyze the constitutional provisions and regulations contained in specific laws related to the competences of the President in the field of national security. The aim of the article is to show what real influence the President of the Republic of Poland has on the Polish army and national security. The President performs his duties in the field of authority over the armed forces through the Chief of National Defence.

The President of the Republic of Poland, by virtue of Article 122(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997, has the exclusive competence to initiate preventive control of regulations before the Constitutional Tribunal aimed at examining their constitutionality. The essence of this action is to seek to check those regulations that raise doubts in the President's mind as to their compatibility with the Constitution. Legal regulations concerning the procedure for removing inconsistencies are set out both in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and in the Regulations of the Sejm. This article will present an analysis of practice within the framework of the examined issue.

Elections, through which the collective sovereign elects its representatives, are the primary means of creating the composition of the various organs of public power. In this article, the authors have analyzed the course, as well as the consequences of the elections to the House of Representatives in Trinidad and Tobago held on August 10th 2020 during the global COVID-19 pandemic. They have also pointed to a number of worrying events that are a warning signal for modern democratic states. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the elections held in Trinidad and Tobago can be considered special due to the unusual election campaign.

With Poland's accession to the European Union in 2004, the visible institutional and legal differences between our country and Western Europe began to blur. The establishment of the European Administrative Space, as a general model of public administration aiming at similar or common administrative solutions, influenced the development of public administration and its organisational structures. In Poland, as in most European countries, the system of local government is based on the principle of dualism, i.e.: some local tasks are performed directly by the government administration subordinated to the relevant ministers, while the remaining tasks are performed by the local government representing the interests of a particular local community. The aim of the article is to discuss the issue of mutual cooperation between the government administration with representatives of local governments on the example of realization of investments. The aim of the article is to discuss the issue of mutual cooperation of the government administration with the representatives of local self-governments, on the example of implementation of investments of international and national importance, such as key linear road investments planned to be carried out, which run through the territory of Poland and to present the conflicts of interests of the local society with the global benefits of the state, which are often fundamentally different and not always properly understood. The intensive development of road transport infrastructure currently taking place in Poland, with the participation of EU policy, has a significant impact on the economic development of micro-regions managed by local self-governments.

The object of this article is to analyse the presence of the metavalue of equality in the agendas of the political parties that brought representatives to the Polish Parliament as a result of the 2019 elections. The aim is to determine the attitude of these groupings towards equality. The article has a parallel methodological aim, which is to demonstrate the possibility (and, at the same time, the necessity) of studying political values both quantitatively and qualitatively. This seems important in political science analysis, as establishing the attitudes of a given party towards values facilitates the positioning of that entity within party families or existing ideologies. The theoretical basis of the article is the circular metavalue model, supporting the analysis of the axiological layer in politics.

The secularisation that is nowadays taking place in liberal democracies is a serious challenge for religion and its institutions. One of them is the Catholic Church which is increasingly being tested by the state in the context of its will to cooperate in the desired public spaces. In the presented scientific considerations, the author tries to prove, with the use of social science methodology, that its external and internal potential should be leveraged by the national security system. At the same time, he concludes that, in the face of threats present in Poland and the shortage of alternative entities meeting the criteria of utility desirable for the national security system, it should not, however, be excessively isolated in the public space in the future, although it may be expected that its relationship with the state will be revised depending on the current political needs.

The article – on the basis of American official and court documents (relating to four documented cases of espionage between 1975 and 1991) and using empirical, quantitative and comparative methods – for the first time comprehensively analyses the activities carried out for the benefit of the KGB foreign intelligence service by emigrants from the USSR who arrived in the United States between 1971 and 1984. In addition to describing the scale and peculiarities of the aforementioned migration wave, the four main directions of their operational work are presented, as well as the development of new forms of interaction between Russian emigrants and the new Russian intelligence services after 1991.

The article is a part of a publication series on the functioning of youth councils working with local government units. This publication analyses the involvement of youth councils in humanitarian assistance to refugees from Ukraine due to the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Furthermore, the article presents reasons for the conflict between both countries and provides an overview of different ventures taken by youth councils in Poland.

Mediation is one of the most popular dispute resolution methods. It is used in all areas of law, while it did not appear in administrative proceedings until 2017. The purpose of this study is to present the issues related to mediation in administrative proceedings, taking into account the influence of the party in shaping the decision of the public administration body. Mediation serves to implement the principle of amicable settlement of cases, thanks to which a party in administrative proceedings may directly influence a public administration body.

Collegial advisory bodies are one of the highly institutionalized and formalized arrangements that ensure citizens' involvement in local decision-making and design of public policies. This paper aims to reveal functions fulfilled by security and order committees, an example of local authorities' collegial advisory bodies on local security policy. The article presents the results of qualitative research conducted through semistructured interviews in selected Polish district cities. The author focuses on security and order committees that, although operating for many years in Poland, have been entities overlooked in the academic discourse regarding local security. Meanwhile, the research shows that the composition of the commissions and the scope of their competencies create conditions that allow them to participate actively in the local security policy programming. In addition, the competencies of the security and order committees enable them to evaluate local security policy. Furthermore, to a certain extent, they can also assess how local authorities carry out local security tasks.

In this publication, the author analyzes the article 57 of the Polish Constitution, which concerns the freedom of assembly and the provisions limiting this freedom. Considerations on the presented topic allow for the conclusion that the freedom of assembly plays an extremely important role in the functioning of a democratic state of law and allows the society to participate in the public debate on many important issues. The analysis shows that this freedom is not, however, absolute and the existing restrictions are necessary for the state and its individual institutions to function efficiently and for the possibility of using other rights and freedoms guaranteed in Poland.

This article analyses the political concepts of the contemporary Polish national camp, represented by the League of Polish Families (2001–2011) and the National Movement (since 2012). Both parties strived to create a national state in which the Polish nation would have a dominant position and pursue its own interests. According to the leaders of both parties, only a nation-state can pursue a policy of comprehensive internal social, economic and military development, making Poland an important player in international politics and ensuring the security and prosperity of its citizens.

The aim of this article is to explain the processes that influence women's involvement in terrorist activities in the ranks of international jihadist organizations. Although the activity of women in terrorist groups has been visible for many years, there is a need to recognize gender dynamics in the process of radicalization. This article contains theoretical aspects related to the presentation of the concept of radicalization and the recruitment stage resulting from this process, which is a necessary element. Moreover, indications of the radicalization of women's attitudes and behavior were demonstrated, including individual factors, factors attracting and pushing them to participate in a terrorist attack.