Suchergebnisse

Purpose – The purpose of the research is to investigate the links between concentration of ownership and control of analysed companies and the value of their financial and market performance, as well as to test whether this performance depends on the presence of owners of large, but non -controlling blocks of votes among shareholders. Research method – The article presents an analysis of data contained in financial statements and Management Board's reports. Pearson's correlation coefficient, one -way ANOVA test and Kruskal -Wallis test were also used to investigate the links between concentration of ownership and control of analysed companies and the value of their financial and market performance.Results – The conducted studies showed theconcomitance of concentration of owner-ship and control in hands of shareholders holding over 5% of votes at the general meeting and the financial performance in the analysed entities.The research also showed that the relation between the market value of shares and their book value in companies in which shares of two largest shareholders were the same or comparable was higher than in entities in which a difference between these shares was observed. Moreover, ownership and control structure in such entities allowed them for a better use of resources.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The article emphasises not only the role of ownership and control concentration as regards the value of financial and market performance of companies, but also presents the desired scope of concentration in the hands of the individual shareholders. It draws attention to the role of large, but non -controlling shareholders in corporate governance, especially in the mitigation of the horizontal agency conflict.

Women's movements in Russia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries consisted of a number of environments that differed in terms of ideology and were activating at different times. All of them wanted to broaden women's access to education, up to equal rights with men. For some it was the main goal, as education was a chance for women to gain economic independence and subjectivity. Achieving these goals required not only the consent of the tsarist authorities, but also a change in the patriarchal attitude of society, including women themselves. Progress was gradual, but not systematic, and there were periods of regression. The main factor was the current political and social situation in the Empire, which was very dynamic at that time. Six decades saw the spread of co-educational primary schools and Sunday schools for adults, the creation of female high schools with a curriculum close to that of male gymnasia, and female colleges of a vocational nature. Independent, active, conscious and educated leaders of women's movements have become role models for new generations of women.

Purpose – Identifying changes in the volume of persons with tertiary education employed in science and technology, examining the relationship between tertiary education and employment in the high tech sector and its industries in the era of economy 4.0. Research method – Comparative analysis of statistical data, selected measures of descriptive statistics and Pearson's r correlation method. Results – The research confirmed that the specificity of the industry determines the type of skills, and thus the level of education and the type of specialization of employees. Employment of workers with tertiary education grew faster than the total employment in the HT sector. People with tertiary education and employed in science and technology, as well as scientists and engineers were employed more often than people only with tertiary education. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Despite the differing positions of researchers and practitioners, statistics indicate that tertiary education is still an important component of the competences of employees hired in the HT sector. Economy 4.0 requires highly skilled workers. It is essential to ensure a high level of educational quality and build stronger cooperation between science and business, so that educational offer is better suited to the needs of the labour market and reduces the problem of educational mismatch.

On February 26, 2014, the Russian Federation annexed the Crimean Peninsula. Russia's unlawful actions have been condemned in the international arena, but this has in no way changed the decision of the authorities in the Kremlin. In order to prove the legitimacy of the occupation of Crimea, the Russian Federation launched a disinformation and propaganda campaign aimed primarily at the internal arena, i.e. at the Russians. The aim of the article is to analyze selected statements by Vladimir Putin regarding the annexation of Crimea and to try to answer the question of whether disinformation and internal propaganda were effective in convincing Russians that the occupation of Crimea was an act of restoring historical justice. For the purposes of the article, research methods appropriate for international relations were used.

Purpose – The article aims to present the possibility of using PLS-SEM method in research on the innovativeness of EU economies. Research method – Structural equation modeling is a method that allows the study of relationships between variables that are unobservable. The SEM model consists of two sub-models: structural and measurement. Covariance-based (CB) or partial least squares (PLS) methods are used to estimate the model. The choice depends on the empirical context, research objectives, sample size and statistical properties of the data. Due to the small size of the population, the PLS method was used in the study. The models were estimated on the basis of cross-sectional data for 2018 and 2021. Results – The article presents the stages of construction of the PLS-SEM model, from model specification, through estimation, statistical verification, to interpretation of the results. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of formulating conclusions based on various elements of the estimated model. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – PLS-SEM is a relatively new econometric method belonging to the group of second generation multivariate analysis methods. Its dynamic development can be observed especially in management sciences. In the discipline of economics, the method is not widely known and used, but it has great potential and can be useful in the study of relationships between unobservable categories. The empirical research presented in the article fills the cognitive gap in the use of advanced econometric methods in economic research.

Purpose – This paper focuses on Abenomics by showing the measures undertaken by Japan's administration and by exploring to what extent new trade policy contributes to stimulating FTAs/EPAs. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the potential EU–Japan EPA effects from the perspective of the EU and Poland's economies. Research background – In early 2013, Shinzō Abe announced a plan of economic reforms known as Abenomics, within which trade policy would be focused on regional FTAs/EPAs and strategic partnerships (SPAs) that then became a government priority. The Abe administration presented a "proactive contribution to peace", which has had a crucial influence on Japan's new trade policy and its engagement in economic regionalism. After six years of negotiations, the EU–Japan EPA and the Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) were signed on July 17, 2018. These agreements confirm that economic relations have entered a new, higher phase of development and open new prospects for deeper cooperation. Methods – Text analysis of governmental documents, institutional reports, companies' websites, and articles in the specialized press. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – This assessment of the potential impact of the EU–Japan EPA reveals that the agreement will contribute to the mutual GDP growth and will promote trade in goods and services by eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers between the parties. Furthermore, the EU–Japan EPA is important for the Polish economy. Liberalization of imports from Japan, which mainly include modern technologies as well as machinery and equipment for various sectors of the economy, will significantly contribute to accelerating the economic development of Poland. In turn, the liberalization of exports will be an opportunity to increase food exports from Poland.