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The study is based on the impact of development interventions on the rural households in the Abbottabad district of Pakistan. Methodological approaches used include a qualitative analysis of natural resource management and NGOs' impact on development activities and quantitative analysis of households' livelihood status and strategies. The key findings are that the role of social capital can ensure sustainable natural resource management and sustainable livelihood improvement activities. Formation of community-based organizations can lead to the formation of social capital that is much needed for other management and livelihood support activities. Also, natural resource management and livelihood improvement activities need to be interrelated with each other to involve the poor as they need incentives.

In this article the factors affecting the attitudes and preferences of households regarding natural resource management in the Abbottabad district of Pakistan are analysed. The findings suggest that non-government organizations were doing better than government agencies in motivating the user groups towards sustainable use and management of natural resources through local organizations. However, it depends on the households' socio-economic status and its linkage with their livelihoods to participate in natural resource management activities. The study can assist policymakers by identifying the key areas for the implementation of their programmes related with natural resource management activities through community participation.