Suchergebnisse

Introduction. In the structure of the population of Russia, the proportion of older people is increasing, but the duration of the economically active working life of this age category is less than in some European countries. Many elderly Russians having an active life position want and can work. Most of them have a high level of professional education and qualifications, experience, and yet many are not in demand on the labor market, because they do not have enough digital skills. The purpose of this article is to study the situation with employing elderly citizens, identify factors that determine successful mastering information and digital technologies on the bases of the results of retraining and advanced training. Methods. The authors of the article analyze the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation's constituent entities (national programs and projects), study the content of the government bodies' websites, including public employment departments, educational organizations, statistical data are used to assess the state of senior citizens' employment and education, the authors carry out an empirical study with a survey. Scientific novelty of the study. The authors identify factors that affect the elderly citizens' employment in industries where digital technologies are actively introduced; point out the factors that positively impact successful elderly citizens' education. It has been proved that in order to obtain a positive learning outcome, not only the legal and organizational conditions created by the state are required, but also the presence of an educational strategy among the elderly people themselves, an element of which is the development of information and digital technologies. The results of the study make it possible to realize the main problems that hinder employment and training, as well as to predict some trends regarding the position of older people in the new realities of the digital economy.

The article analyzes the role of news media in informing and involving the population, including young people, in civic activism. The problem of the influence of digital technologies on the formation of civic activism is raised. Emphasis is placed on the context of the presence in the media space of news that can popularize civic activism. The content analysis study covered 22 Internet resources in 8 federal districts of Russia (12,590 posts for July 2023), as well as all publications in the online publication e1.ru for the period 2019–2023 (82,130 posts). The results of the analysis allowed us to perform a thematic typology of publications about civic activ-ism; to fix the share of these posts in the structure of the news agenda; to identify the presence of appeals to participate in civic projects and determine the situation in the media environment as ineffective for solving the problem of involving the population in civic activism. Recommendations for optimizing media content are of-fered.

The article explores active longevity as a set of social practices carried out by older people and under-stood as a social community. We study various definitions of social practices, looking at both traditional and new social practices. There are distinguished such types of activity as physical, leisure, educational, family-related, etc. The study considers the influence of internal and external factors under the impact of which there appear subgroups in the structure of the community of the elderly, these demonstrating dif-ferent values and social practices. Among various factors, time planning is highlighted, which affects the reproduction of new social practices.It is argued that the emergence of new types of activity means the emergence of new subgroups in the structure of the social community that have a higher speed of re-sponse to the new or temporality.The authors of the study employed a sociological method: there was conducted a questionnaire survey of 417 citizens of the Sverdlovsk region aged 60 and older. Contradic-tions between the ideas of active longevity contained in the Active Longevity Strategy, regional compre-hensive programs, and real actions of the elderly communityhave been revealed. Although there is no se-rious discrepancy in understanding the essence of active aging, there is a low coverage of older people with new social practices. The authors are convinced that promising research areas are related to such issues as the optimization of internal and external factors that affect the consolidation of active longevity as a set of social practices.

Introduction. The publication is a review of a monograph by Anna-Valerie Pont, Professor of the Sorbonne, devoted to an attempt to determine the time of the disappearance of an ancient city (polis) on the material of Asia Minor. Analysis and results. There is an extensive and complex source base of research in terms of composition and quality, which includes both scanty reports of late Antique and early medieval written heritage, as well as archaeological data, among which the author legitimately highlights epigraphic material. As criteria for the extinction in the city, it is the ancient indicators of public life that have priority: the decline in the functioning of self-government institutions by urban communities, a decrease in the activity of wealthy citizens in organizing spectacles, subsidizing essential products, an increase in the specific weight of imperial bureaucratic control and local management, an increase in the influence of Christians on public processes in policies. The review indicates that the French researcher actually ignored the evolution of municipal property (the degradation of which in the chronological framework under consideration was very modest). In fact, the evolution of such estates as curiales and plebs (whose position at the time under consideration was by no means catastrophic) was also left aside. The social historical realities in the monograph are touched upon only insofar as they are related to institutional elements (the work of city councils, the implementation of magistracies, etc.). The author of the review points out that such a method of analyzing late-antique processes is outdated and goes back to the Enlightenment views on the fall of the Roman Empire. The review focuses on the legitimacy of the priority of epigraphic monuments for the disclosure of the stated topic (due to the insufficiency of narrative sources). However, consideration of the reduction in the number of such monuments at the turn of the 3rd – 4th century (compared with the times of the classical Empire) as an indicator of the extinction of the antique parameters of the policy is doubtful.

The article is devoted to the study of semantic restrictions in the use of verbal collocations with the components "(nouveau) coronavirus" and "COVID-19" applying the AntConc service. It has been found that "coronavirus" lexemes tend to co-occur with 135 verbs. The most common model is (nouveau) coronavirus / COVID-19 + V, where the virus acts as a subject of action and the verbs belong to the lexical-semantic fields "Physical impact on the object", "Qualitative state", "Being", "Progressive motion of the subject", "Social relations", "Social activity", "Interpersonal relationships", "Relationship". The virus plays the role of the object of the action in the V + (nouveau) coronavirus / COVID-19 model. The identified verbal lexemes belong to the lexical-semantic groups "Social activity", "Qualitative state", "Physical impact on object", "Intellectual activity", "Interpersonal relationships", "Being". As the object of action, the lexemes under study reveal more significant limitations of combinatorial potential. The V + PRÉP + coronavirus / COVID-19 model includes verbs of social activity and qualitative state, used with the prepositions contre, de, à, avec. There is a high frequency of collocations with modal verbs. The quantitative predominance of verbs combined with "coronavirus" lexemes that act as a subject suggests that the range of actions performed by the coronavirus is much wider than the actions it experiences.

Introduction. The article examines the key paradiplomacy areas of the Sverdlovsk region. The analysis focuses on the aspects distinguishing the region from other subjects of the present-day Russian Federation, which allowed it to become one of the leaders in developing international activities during the post-Soviet period. Methods and materials. The methodological basis of this work is constituted by the approaches devised by I. Duchacek. Paradiplomacy is defined as international contacts of regions with different actors in international relations regarding economic, political, cultural and environmental issues. These contacts move in the same direction as activities undertaken by central authorities. Approaches by I. Duchacek, R. Kaiser, A. Kuznetsov, Yu. Akimov were applied to study the motives and factors for active paradiplomacy development of the Sverdlovsk region. To examine the modalities of implementing paradiplomacy in the Sverdlovsk region, scientific and analytical materials were used along with statistic data and indicators provided by the Ministry of International and Foreign Economic Relations of the Sverdlovsk Region and by the Russian Export Center JSC. Analysis. It was found that the Sverdlovsk region became the first to base its paradiplomacy on the regional identity. On the one hand, the regional identity development was marked by a conflict between the region and the central authorities; on the other hand, the local ruling groups deliberately fostered the policy of regional uniqueness. Mainstreaming the regional identity served the practical interests of elites both in internal political legitimation and in establishing their international economic, political and cultural personality. In the 2000s, the paradiplomacy model of the Sverdlovsk region transformed from conflict to cooperation based on partnering and seeking a compromise with the federal government. Results. The strategy of paradiplomacy development chosen by the region is evaluated as a success. The emphasis put by the regional authorities on implementing large-scale international projects and developing foreign trade relations allows the Sverdlovsk region not only to keep the indicators of foreign economic activities stable, but also to retain elements of its regional identity.

The article is focused on a series of advertising texts united by a common character and story. Having emerged in print advertising of the turn of the 19th–20thcenturies, such series can be seen as the first manifestations of the advertising series genre,in which, along with the dominant tendency to in-formativeness, typical for the early 20thcentury, new techniques appear, these strengthening the expressive and manipulative components of the text. The advertisements analyzed in the paper are texts placedin the regional newspaper Uralskaya Zhizn(1903). In the array of the advertising texts examined, only one series united by the story and the character, published in November-December 1903, was found. It is devoted to the cigarettes of the Laferm company.Instead of the same text repeatedly published for several months, which was typical of advertisements of that period, the reader receives a new text in each issue. The texts are de-signed and laid out so as to resemble telegrams, and each individual text is stylized as a rayosh folk verse. Together they form a kind of travel novel or travel notes in verse. Important components of the text are the character (a representative of the company) and his interaction with the readers. It is they, not the product itself, that come to the fore. The non-provision of detailed information about the product is also an innova-tive feature of evolving advertising. The character uniting all the texts is presented by the authors as a sym-bol of the advertised products and the Association, which indicates not only a new form of advertising but also a more complex way of presenting goods, specifically the basics of brand formation.

The issues of disability inclusion represent a challenge to managers and experts. Attitudes towards disa-bility influence the effectiveness of disability inclusion. In Russia, even though a social model of disabil-ity has been promoted and people are willing to assist persons with disabilities, attitudes towards such employees tend to be ambiguous. These attitudes are highly associated with the perception of the disabled as incapable of work, with the feeling of charity and also distrust. It appears necessary to ease negative at-titudes, especiallyin the workplaces. This paper considers individual cultural intelligence as a factor in-fluencing attitudes towards disability. 122 employees from Russian organizations participated in a survey and filled in the standard Cultural Intelligence Scale, the Disability Attitude Implicit Association Test, and the Attitudes to Physical Disability Scale. The study confirmed that cultural intelligence significantly affects attitudes towards employees with disabilities. Individuals with higher cultural intelligence show more positive attitudes towards the disabled. On the one hand, this suggests that cultural intelligence can be used as a new tool to regulate attitudes towards people with disabilities and ensure effective coopera-tion between disabled and non-disabled employees. On the other hand, this also inspires a wide range of possible applications of cultural intelligence.

Introduction. The article analyzes the experience of improving the system of award production in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. The author states that the award production at the time of the beginning of the war was unable to ensure mass awarding of soldiers. Methods and materials. Archival materials, published official statistics and scientific literature were used in the implementation of the research tasks. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historism, objectivity and systemacity. The need to process quantitative data led to the use of the statistical method. Results. In order to ensure the need of the active army to award, the leadership of the country in the Armed Forces introduced a single command and delegated the right to award to the military command, which awarded on the ground and submitted award documents through the people's commissariat for approval to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It is noted that in order to optimize the award production in units, formations, personal accounts were introduced, on which award marks and documents, as well as reporting on them were issued. Awarding bodies provided preparation of awarding documentation giving it to the commanding officer (commander) for approving, made rewarding of distinguished ones. Conclusions. It is noted that the measures taken to improve the award production brought it closer to the participants of fights, about 90% of all awards were made by the military command. It is shown that the awarding of military personnel led to the growth of their professional skills through personal interest in the results of combat activities, which was one of the factors of victory in the war.

Introduction. Higher education systems at the present stage of development are facing new serious challenges. On the one hand, universities function as independent units, on the other, they are part of the regional system, they attract and share the attention of the stakeholders interested in the system (applicants, students, research and teaching staff, business structures, etc.). The purpose of the study is to assess the competitiveness of regional higher education systems through the formed system of indicators, as well as to draw conclusions about the degree of uniformity in the development of these networks. Methods. To assess the state of the higher education system in Russia, the author uses an indicative method of analysis, which makes it possible to determine the degree of compliance of the indicator values achieved by now with the criteria that meet the set requirements for the development of society. Scientific novelty of the research. The novelty of the research consists in forming a set of indicators, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the competitiveness of regional systems and the degree of their development uniformity, as well as the number of universities in the regional system and their influence on the entire system, according to their uniform development relative to each other. Results. Following the results of diagnosing the regional higher education systems, the author identifies the regions-leaders and the regions-outsiders. The diagnostic results are compared with the data of international rankings. Conclusions. The conclusion states that the region with fewer but equally developing universities (for example, the Belgorod region or the Republic of Tatarstan) have higher indicators of competitiveness. On the contrary, regional higher education systems, represented by a large number of universities, but with unevenly developing performance indicators, are characterized as less competitive, i.e. the performance indicators of the leading university are leveled within the system as a whole.

According to the results of the 2016 Duma elections, "United Russia" received 54.2% of the vote under the proportional system. In the regional context, the spread of votes was between 35.19% (in the Altai Territory) and 96.29% (in the Chechen Republic). What causes regional disparities in the vote for the United Russia party? This article aims to find an answer to the above question. In this study, the concept of a regional political machine and the thesis about the ability of regional heads to ensure higher electoral results of the "party in power" are tested. Statistical calculations were performed using binary logistic regression. The regression analysis carried out by the author showed that none of the hypotheses was fully confirmed. Of the six regression models, only three were significant. Each new head of the region in the corps of heads of regional branches of the party added 13% to "United Russia" in the Duma elections in 2011 and 2007. In 2016, an increase in the number of governors in the first places of the regional groups of the federal list of candidates of the "party of power" by 1 unit would lead to an increase in the electoral result by 18%.